1 / 46

Software Defined Radio Research at Wireless@VT Part 2: Applications

Jeffrey H. Reed, Charles Bostian, Steve Ellingson, Jung-Min (Jerry) Park, Tom Tsou. Software Defined Radio Research at Wireless@VT Part 2: Applications . Contents. Distributed wireless cloud computing Decentralized cloud computing with wireless connections

edna
Download Presentation

Software Defined Radio Research at Wireless@VT Part 2: Applications

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Jeffrey H. Reed, Charles Bostian, Steve Ellingson, Jung-Min (Jerry) Park, Tom Tsou Software Defined Radio Research at Wireless@VTPart 2: Applications

  2. Contents • Distributed wireless cloud computing • Decentralized cloud computing with wireless connections • Power sensitive radio formation and computing load distribution • Applications: Signal detection, distributed MIMO, location estimation • Public safety radio efforts • Cognitive radio bridge between standards • Low cost P-25 radio • SDR/CR security • Determine security vulnerabilities of SDR and CR • Novel approaches to security • Generic security APIs

  3. Distributed Computing with SDR Jeffrey H. Reed, Tom Tsou, Carl Dietrich

  4. Services Gateway Global Information Grid Embedded Services Distributed Computing with SDR • Develop a software architecture for distributed applications over SDR networks • Examine system level abstractions to represent the junction of software, networking, and wireless communications • Balance constraints of latency, power, and system complexity • Leverage an established software radio and signal processing code base • Draw from existing experience with service based computing in large scale networks • Integrate lessons learned from utilizing heterogeneous embedded platforms

  5. Distributed Computing with SDR Applications Related Work Power tradeoff analysis of computation and RF sections Integration of SDR with network modeling Heterogeneous networks Embedded sensor devices in ad-hoc environments Interface with wired infrastructure nodes • Communications • Distributed MIMO • Joint signal detection • Computational • Load distribution • Power optimization • Sensing and Cognitive • Data fusion • Smart networks

  6. Architecture Considerations • Current SDR component models a brokered object (CORBA) network model inappropriate wireless distributed applications • Existing models utilize tightly-coupled objects with strictly defined interfaces • With services the goal is to achieve a system-of-systems based on loose-coupling through a descriptive language Component Waveform Model Approach Waveform 2 Component exists in context specific environment Waveform 3 Waveform 1 Underlying reliable transport (TCP) to maintain tight interface coupling

  7. Embedded XML Packet Structure • Structured language defines how radios talk to each other • Contrast with object-oriented models where components interact with tightly coupled function calls <operation name=“Dist FFT”> <input id=“DCE:e1a85dc2-824a-11dc-93f8”> <input format=“double”> <input data=“0xf64e83f29a3bc32…”> </operation> <parameters name=“return” <modulation=“QPSK”> <tx-power=“10”> <coderate=“2,3”> </parameters> Structured language data (XML) Preamble Access code Byte header

  8. Current Status • Operational over-the-air with basic functions • Inband XML parsing • Remote control-plane service operations • Start, stop, flash LED • Specification of interaction language beyond basic operations is an ongoing in progress • Initial theoretical justifications for applications are modeled for load-balancing applications

  9. Hardware-in-the Loop Development XML Source Header Insertion Bit Unpack NRZ GMSK Modulation USRP Tx Tx Chain Socket Interface Pack Bits Access Code Correlation GMSK Demod USRP Rx Document Reconstruct DC offset Removal Rx Chain

  10. Signal Processing Section • Initial implementation with GMSK for balance of low complexity, spectral and power efficiency (GSM & AIS) • Transmitter • Gaussian pre-modulation filter with FM modulator • Receiver • Non-coherent detection • Suitable with burst transmissions in fast fading channel where carrier recovery is difficult • Mueller and Müller error detector for symbol timing loop HW RX USRP Commander Differential FM Demod Gaussian Noise Filter USRP Device Symbol Timing Recovery TX Polyphase LP Filter Hard Decision FM Mod Gaussian Pulse

  11. Over-the-Air Signal Capture Symbol Timing Loop T x Demodulated PAM Signal Decision Sampling + Sampler Soft Symbol Output T x T + M&M Timing Error Output + T Hard Decision Bit Output 1011100110100100101… Symbol Clock & Loop Filter

  12. XML Integration with SDR Bitstream Input 001011010100101101010100110010 Framing Correlator Correlate and Flag Access Code: (1010100100101011010100…) Packet Handling Message Handling XML Parser Service App Handling Byte Processing CORBA IDL UNIX Domain Sockets

  13. Flexible Architecture • Independent service layer implementation with SDR framework abstraction • Support path for alternative underlying platforms Composite Application OSSIE Architecture Integrated Service Layer Service Layer Abstraction Service Layer Abstraction Application RX TX RX TX STRS GNU Radio Waveform Physical

  14. Public Safety Radio Charles Bostian and Steve Ellingson

  15. Charles W. Bostian Alumni Distinguished Professor Electrical & Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061-0111 bostian@vt.edu The VT Public Safety Cognitive Radio

  16. Acknowledgment: The VT Team

  17. Long Term Goal for Interoperability

  18. Original Concept: The VT Public Safety Cognitive Radio (June 2005) • Recognize any P25 Phase 1 waveforms • Identify known networks • Interoperate with legacy networks • Provide a gateway between incompatible networks • Serve as a repeater when necessary – useful when infrastructure has been destroyed or does not exist. Based on Cognitive Radio and Software Defined Radio

  19. Demonstrated Capabilities • Scan Mode: Shows the user what waveforms / networks are present • Talk Mode: Allows the user to interoperate with any selected network • Gateway Mode: Allows the user to set up a link between any two incompatible networks

  20. First Proof-of-Concept Demonstration, April 2007 • Automatic public safety waveform recognition • Bridge between different waveforms at different band for interoperability • Flexible waveform and link reconfiguration

  21. Second Proof-of-Concept Demonstration, March 2008

  22. In developing this prototype, we have solved some hard problems in rapid reconfiguration of a radio platform and in signal recognition and synchronization. Find a signal of interest Configure this in real time and operate it.

  23. 24 A $500-$700 Class Radio Platform

  24. Functional View Software Architecture

  25. Wideband RF Front End • Based on Motorola RFIC4 • Direct-conversion Transceiver • Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) • 100 MHz to 2.5 GHz • SPI Control • Built-in Baseband Filtering • Built-in LOs and Mixers • Optional External Frequency Reference Figure 1: S.M. Shajedul Hasan and S.W. Ellingson

  26. Purpose • Wideband RF Coverage • Public Safety • VHF-High ~150 MHz • UHF 700/800/900 MHz • FRS ~450 MHz • 2.4 GHz ISM • This board replaces 4 RFX daughterboards that would be required to cover the 150-2400 MHz range. Figure 3: Matt Ettus

  27. Receiver results for tuning range of 100 MHz to 2.5 GHz. Center frequency = 100 MHz Received power = -70 dBm Signal = Analog FM 100 KHz Center frequency = 2500 MHz Received power = -70 dBm Signal = Analog FM 100 KHz

  28. FCC Issues in Cognitive Radio for Public Safety: Code correctness, insecure memory accesses, tamper resistance. Off-line unit testing and formal verification plus light-weight yet effective anti-tampering methods to ensure that any module replacement is compliant. Ensures that any replacement of the modules, including over-the-air updates is done by trusted parties.

  29. What is next? • Collaboration • - UC Irvine & Clemson • Commercialization • - Partnership with E.F. Johnson • PDA control unit for field testing by police & firefighters • Universal gateway • Rapidly deployable cell-based system for 700 MHz

  30. Joint Efforts With Other NIJ Projects • Cognitive Applications: • Constant SNR video with minimum battery drain • Automatic selection of MIMO mode for best performance Extend the frequency range, coverage, and capabilities of public safety radios • U.C. Irvine radio offers 2.4, 2.9, and 5.8 GHz coverage with 4X4 MIMO • Clemson is developing flexible MAC for WiMAX • Integrate with VT PSCR to provide full functionality on all public safety voice and data bands 150 MHz – 5.1 GHz

  31. Commercialization Issues – • University labs use GNU Radio, Python, C++ on GPPs. • Public Safety Manufacturers use C on DSPs and FPGAs. • Defense contractors use HDL on FPGAs. • Three different cultures and languages!

  32. Hybrid Architecture Design Flow Heterogeneous Design Flow For Hybrid Architecture (System View)‏ FPGA – DDC, Decimation, FFT, Filtering DSP – decision making, external communication SysGen/ Simulink FPGA DSP Code Composer Host computer – data transfer from DSP using MMI Memory Mapped Interface C/C++ code Host Computer 33 33 33

  33. VPSCR System View

  34. Cognitive Gateway • A Cognitive Gateway(CG) is used to facilitate interoperability between incompatible radios (or systems) and provide an extended service coverage area • CG Definition: A special CR node that interconnects different systems • CG Functions:Responsible for automatic communication link establishments between incompatible systems upon communication initiators’ requests

  35. Dynamic Cellular Cognitive Radio (Ying Wang)

  36. Beyond Public Safety Radios • Related DARPA and NSF Work

  37. DARPA WNaN

  38. In-lab experiments in ISM band with three known and 1 random external interferers CE1 By Tom Rondeau 200 kHz QPSK CE2 Random external signal 1 MHz OFDM 1 MHz QPSK

  39. Conclusion The NIJ Communications Technology Program has strongly promoted the application of software defined and cognitive radio to the needs of the law enforcement and public safety community. You will see the results in products next year. 2004 2007 2009

  40. Contact Information Charles W. Bostian bostian@vt.edu 540-231-5096 http://www.cognitiveradio.wireless.vt.edu

  41. Multiband/Multimode RadioNational Institute of Justice Steve Ellingson

  42. Multiband / Multimode Radio (2005-IJ-CX-K018) FA1 (Next Generation Interoperable Voice Communications) S.W. Ellingson (ellingson@vt.edu) Project End Date: September 30, 2008 Sep 30, 2008 • Key Deliverables • Prototype • Technical Reports • Public demo at 2008 Wireless @ Virginia Tech Annual Symp. & Wireless Summer School • Publications: • Article in MissionCritical • Communications, March 2007 • Paper in 2008 IEEE Int’l Ant & Prop. • Sym. • Project Web Site (incl. all deliverables): • http://www.ece.vt.edu/swe/chamrad/ • (Currently 25 technical reports) • Vendor/Research Program Contributions • Using RF Integrated Circuit (RFIC) tranceiver technology developed by Motorola Research Laboratories • Description of RFIC: Cafaro et al., Proc. IEEE RFIC Sym., June 2007 • Law Enforcement Impact • Interoperability with multiple networks simultaneously without prior coordination or infrastructure-based interoperability devices such as cross-band repeaters • Portable battery-powered prototype system (see above right) demonstrated Summer 2008. (Field evaluation by users would require additional effort on packaging) • Challenges Remaining: • Antenna size & integration • Increasing transmit power • Technology transfer VT Transceiver Board using Motorola-Provided RFIC 4 RX Paths, 3 TX Paths 100-2500 MHz tuning 6.25 kHz – 10 MHz BW Technology Low-cost radio capable of operation over a large range of frequency bands now in use for public safety applications.

  43. VT First Implementation of Motorola SDR RFIC (V4) 40 mA (RX) + 40-90 mA (TX) + 80 mA/DDS @ 9V < 25 cm2 to implement on a 4-layer PCB About $100 in parts to implement, excluding PCB.

  44. 2nd Gen. Prototype 138-174 MHz 220-222 MHz 406-512 MHz 764-900 MHz Motorola RFIC Ver. 4 4 MSPS baseband ADC/DAC No P; Instead completely implemented in FPGA Analog FM Only Rudimentary GUI (limited to selecting one of four band/frequency combinations) Off-the-shelf antenna Touchscreen Audio I/F Ethernet Altera EP2S60 FPGA Board Three board stack integrates antenna, RF Mux, transceiver RFIC, ADC / DAC, ref. freq. synthesizer Battery underneath

  45. Radio Architecture Baseband processing in FPGA (Currently 100% Verilog HDL) - Baseband Mod/Demod - PTT Voice - Ethernet VT Tranceiver Board using Motorola Direct Conv. RFIC 100-2500 MHz, 6.25 kHz – 10 MHz BW VT Antenna-Tranceiver I/F RF Multiplexer Baseband ADC/DAC (4 MSPS x 14/10 b) + Ref. Freq. Synthesizer

More Related