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ATM DATA LINK APPLICATIONS M J A Asbury

This presentation describes the main air/ground applications of the developing data link based Air Traffic System (ATS). Learn how data links improve safety, capacity, and the movement of air traffic while reducing voice communication requirements.

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ATM DATA LINK APPLICATIONS M J A Asbury

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  1. ATM DATA LINK APPLICATIONS M J A Asbury Presentation ATN 2.3 ATSDL_001_401

  2. Presentation Objectives The objective of this presentation is to describe the main air/ground applications of the developing data link based Air Traffic System (ATS). (The use of data links allows the ATS to achieve its performance goals relating to safety, capacity and the expeditious movement of air traffic while reducing the requirement for voice communication and spectrum demand.) This presentation is based on material in the ICAO Manual of Air Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694) ATSDL_001_402

  3. Introduction to ATS Data Link Applications , Satellite Communications Satellite Navigation Flight Deck Crew Terrestrial Navigation Just some of the elements of a data link based ATS Radar Ground/ground Communications ATCC ATCO ATCO Ground/earth Station ATSDL_001_403

  4. What are ATS Data Link Applications?... The ICAO Manual of Air Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694) defines a Data Link Application as “the implementation of data link technology to achieve specific Air Traffic Management (ATM) operational functionalities” ATSDL_001_404

  5. In Summary ATS Data Link Applications have been developed by ICAO in line with Operational Requirements • An ‘Operational Requirement’ is defined as - ‘A statement of the operational attributes of a system needed for the effective and/or efficient provision of air traffic servers to users’ • Operational Requirements - • Ensure that the needs of the ATC system are met • Are not always technical in nature • May be achieved by procedural or staffing actions ATSDL_001_405

  6. DATA LINK INITIATION CAPABILITY (DLIC) ATSDL_002_401

  7. ATCC replies, informing of applications supported The Need for DLIC DLIC provides the necessary information to enable data link communications between ATC ground and aircraft systems. It is an aircraft initiated application Aircraft calls ATCC, giving type of data link applications requested, and on-board technical addresses ATSDL_002_402

  8. DLIC Functions (THE DLIC PROVIDES THE NECESSARY INFORMATION TO ENABLE DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN ATC GROUND AND AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS) • Logon • Data Link application initiation and, if required, flight plan association • and, if required, • Update • Updating of previously co-ordinated information • Contact • Instruction to perform data link initiation with another specified ground system • Dissemination Local dissemination of information • Ground Forwarding • Ground/ground forwarding of logon information ATSDL_002_403

  9. DLIC Initiation/Termination Under normal operations, theaircraftwill initiate the DLIC dialogue with a ground station, and theground stationwillterminateit Initial ‘HELLO’’ Final ‘GOODBYE’ ATSDL_002_404

  10. Ground/Ground Forwarding The ground system initially contacted by the aircraft should be able to pass the relevant information to another ground station, using ground/ground links. Multiple ground/ground dialogues Air/ground dialogue with single ATSU ATSDL_002_405

  11. Benefits from the Use of DLIC • Maintains a standard procedure for connecting to ATS Units • Achieves global interoperability through development of ICAO SARPs • Minimises use of ‘bits on the line’ • Allows flexibility of operation, using only those services which are required • Permits the rapid relay of aircraft information ATSDL_002_406

  12. AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE (ADS) ATSDL_003_401

  13. What is ADS? ADS is a surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position fixing systems, including aircraft identification, four dimensional position, and additional data as appropriate ATSDL_003_402

  14. What Does ADS Do? The ADS application is designed to give automaticreports from an aircraft to a ground system. The aircraft provides the information to the ground system in four ways, namely - • on demand • when triggered by an event • on a periodic basis • in an emergency (when initiated by the pilot) ATSDL_003_403

  15. Elements Of An ADS System NAVIGATION SATELLITES COMMUNICATION SATELLITES POSITION INFORMATION SATCOM LINK GROUND BASED NAVIGATION AIDS VHF COM LINK EFFECTIVE REPORTING GROUND EARTH STATION ATSU ATSDL_003_404

  16. ADS Functional Overview The ADS application allows- • the implementation of reporting agreements, established exclusively by the ground (except in emergency - see below) • information to be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft • aircraft originated emergency reporting agreements ATSDL_003_405

  17. Contract Transmission.... The ground system will transmit the appropriate contracts to the aircraft..... SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK The controller will be awareof the contracts requested ATSU ATSDL_003_406

  18. Theflight deck will beunawareof the contracts requested ....and Acknowledgement x SATCOM LINK The aircraft will confirm acceptance of theADS contract to the ground system (by sending the information requested, in the case of a demand contract) VHF COM LINK ATSU ATSDL_003_407

  19. Basic Report Contents Position Accuracy (FOM) Time Altitude/ Level POSITION (Lat/Long) ATSDL_003_408

  20. Aircraft Compliance - Most Recent Information The controller must be provided with the most up to date ADS derived information AIRCRAFT LOG 1000 5200N01000W 1001 5207N01000W 1002 5214N01000W 1003 5221N01000W 1004 5228N01000W Most up to date information ATSDL_003_409

  21. Figure of Merit (FOM) Change ACCURACY DEPENDENT ON RANGE FROM START OR UPDATE < 1 NM X POSITION HIGHLY ACCURATE USING GNSS GNSS fails - FOM changes POSITION ACCURACY DECREASES WITH TIME USING ON- BOARD INS/IRS and Event Report sent ATSDL_003_410

  22. Pilot Initiated Emergency Mode ADS Emergency PRESS The system should provide for a pilot-initiated emergency indication. . .. ATSDL_003_411

  23. 1 2 3 4 ADS Contract Requirements - Ground Station Operations • The aircraft will be capable of supporting contracts with at least four ATS ground systems simultaneously. FIR ‘B’ FIR ‘A’ FIR ‘C’ AIRCRAFT TRACK FIR ‘D’ ATSDL_003_412

  24. Cleared Track ADS Event Contract Examples Slowing to M 0.78 M 0.82 50N Waypoint Change Event Speed Change Event 20W Heading or Track Change Event Threshold Cleared Level Level Change Event ATSDL_003_413

  25. Flight Conformance (Lateral, Longitudinal and Vertical Deviation Monitoring) Longitudinal Limits Vertical Limits Lateral Limits ATSDL_003_414

  26. Benefits from the use of ADS • Provides surveillance in remote and oceanic areas • Facilitates reduction of separation minima • Better accommodates user-preferred trajectories • Enhances flight safety • Enhances pilot and controller productivity • Reduces R/T traffic and frequency congestion • Enables a greater degree of ATS automation ATSDL_003_415

  27. CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATION (CPDLC) ATSDL_004_401

  28. Generic Operational Requirement ‘A data link based Air Traffic System must include the capability to exchange messages between the pilot and the controller.’ (Manual of ATS Data Link Applications - ICAO Doc 9694) ATSDL_004_402

  29. What does CPDLC Do? CPDLC allows two way communication between pilot and controller, but using data link rather than voice Data Link ATSDL_004_403

  30. Elements Of A CPDLC System SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK EFFECTIVE CONTROL GROUND EARTH STATION ATSU 202_1008

  31. Compatibility with Voice Phraseology ‘The CPDLC Application must include a set of clearance/information/request message elements which correspond to voice phraseology employed by ATC procedures’ ICAO CPDLC Message Set ICAO Doc 4444 PANS/RAC ATSDL_004_404

  32. Voice Data link Complementary to Voice Operations Non-routine Messages Controllers and Pilots will use CPDLC in conjunction with existing voice communications + Routine Messages ATSDL_004_405

  33. CPDLC Message A CPDLC Message is composed of - a. The Message Header, plus b. Message Element 1, plus (optionally) c. Message Element 2, plus (optionally) d. Message Element 3, plus (optionally) e. Message Element 4, plus (optionally) f. Message Element 5. 202_1007

  34. CPDLC Message Element The Message Element consists of - a. The message element identifier (from ICAO list) b. Data (with parameter values, if applicable) c. Message attributes (Urgency, Alert & Response) What is actually sent is just the message element number and parameters, e.g. ‘28-280-1158’, which the pilot sees as - ‘Descend to reach FL280 by 1158Z’ ATSDL_004_410

  35. CPDLC Functionality CPDLC is merely a means of communication between a controller and apilot, using data link technology, in order to facilitate better Air Traffic Management SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK ATSU ATSDL_004_407

  36. What is a Data Authority? Pilots (People) SATCOM LINK Data Authority (DA): a ground system permitted to exchange CPDLC messages with an aircraft GROUND EARTH STATION Controllers (People) Telecommunications and data processing (Systems) ATSDL_004_408

  37. Benefits from the Use of CPDLC • To improve SAFETYby - • Reducing risk of controller-aircrew misunderstandings • Reducing congestion on voice channels • Reducing risk of failure in the transfer of information • To improve ATM EFFICIENCYby - • Increasing controller/aircrew productivity • Enabling automation • Providing concise and precise exchanges between controller and aircrew • Reducing the voice communication workload ATSDL_004_409

  38. DATA LINK FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICES DFIS ATSDL_005_401

  39. What Does DFIS Do? Flight Information Services (FIS) are provided to the pilot to increase flight awareness and to enhance safety of flight The Data Link FIS (DFIS) application allows the pilot to request and receive FIS from ground systems via data link ATSDL_005_402

  40. CENTRAL MET OFFICE Elements of a DFIS System SATCOM LINK DFIS is a pilot initiated application VHF COM LINK GROUND EARTH STATION Met Office ATSU Airfield ATSDL_005_403

  41. DFIS Functions • The DFIS application is the route through which many flight-related services, currently supplied to the pilot by voice, may be provided in digital form. • This includes information which - • may currently be provided to the crew at the flight briefing stage and is presently not updated,or • may not be updated as often as both user and provider would wish ATSDL_005_404

  42. DFIS User Services • Services making use of the DFIS application could include - • Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) • Aviation Routine Weather Report Service (METAR) • Windshear Advisory Service • Notice to Airman Service (NOTAM) • Runway Visual Range Service (RVR) • Aerodrome Forecast Service (TAF) • Significant Weather Advisory Service (SIGMET) ATSDL_005_405

  43. NOTAMS DFIS ATIS METARS CENTRAL MET OFFICE Independent Access of Service Each Service of the DFIS should be capable of being accessed separately, used independently of others, and at the pilot’s discretion. + + ATSDL_005_406

  44. Current DFIS Services • Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Future DFIS Services will include ~ • Aviation Routine Weather Report Service (METAR) • Windshear Advisory Service • Notice to Airman Service (NOTAM) • Runway Visual Range Service (RVR) • Aerodrome Forecast Service (TAF) • Significant Weather Advisory Service (SIGMET) ATSDL_005_407

  45. What is ATIS (Voice or Data Link)? • ATIS broadcasts are a service provided at aerodromes where there is a requirement to reduce the communications load on the ATS VHF air-ground communications channels. • ATIS information may be supplied for arriving, or departing aircraft, or both. • Dissemination of ATIS information is an ATS and not a Met Office responsibility ATSDL_005_408

  46. IDENTICAL ATIS INFORMATION D-ATIS - Compatibility with Voice SATCOM LINK The contents of voice and data link ATIS will be identical, and updated at the same time VOICE COM LINK DATA COM LINK GROUND EARTH STATION ATSDL_005_409

  47. Benefits from the Use of DFIS • The benefits arising from the use of a data link based FIS include - • Improved Flight Safety • Improved Flight economy • Increased aircrew/controller productivity • Reduced ambiguity in transmitted information • Enhanced automation - e.g. ‘Contract’ functionality • Increased accessibility to updated information • Reduced voice traffic congestion ATSDL_005_410

  48. Main Applications Covered The applications which have been covered in this presentation are - • Data link Initiation Capability (DLIC) • Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) • Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) • Data Link Flight Information Service (DFIS) ATSDL_007_401

  49. ATS AIR/GROUND DATA LINK APPLICATIONS THANK YOU FOR VIEWING THIS PRESENTATION ATSDL_007_402

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