You wake up tomorrow and find out the world is like this?

1. You wake up tomorrow and find out the world is like this? • How would your VIEW of the world change? Could you trust those who had taught you before? Would you trust your OWN mid?

2. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

3. What is a Revolution? DW A Revolution is a complete change of the way we think about things, or an overthrow of a government, a social system, etc.

4. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Don’t write • In the 1500s & 1600s the Scientific Revolutionchanged the way Euros looked at the world. • new ways of thinking! Use experimentation! • Telescope, microscope invented • Printing press spread ideas • Math studied

5. PTOLEMY (gr/eg astronomer 100AD) said Earth was the center of the universe (GEOCENTRIC MODEL) *Church supported! *Earth surrounded by crystal rotating spheres w/ heavenly bodies stuck in them. (10th sphere was Prime mover w/ God & stars beyond 10th sphere).

6. Ptolemy’s geocentric model • Earth • Moon • Mercury • Venus • Sun • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn Ptolemy’s view

8. Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus, in his 1543 book, said universe is HELIOCENTRIC - sun centered. • Earth & planets revolve around sun • Moon revolves around earth, earth rotates on axis (church upset, fear all knowledge wrong

9. Copernicus’s View • Copernicus’ model of the solar system: • Sun • Moon • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn

12. Johannes Kepler said sun was at center, but orbits were ellipses, not circles.

13. Galileo Galilei- made 1st telescope discovered sunspots, moon mtns, planets were solid, & moons rotated around planets

14. Put on trial by pope • Ideas against Church teachings. (forced to recant & put on house arrest)

16. Isaac Newton- defined laws light & color, laws of motion, law of gravity & calculus! • A body at rest stays at rest • Acceleration is caused by force • For every action there is an equal opposite reaction

17. Don’t write: FRANCIS BACON developed SCIENTIFIC METHOD: a procedure for analyzing & collecting evidence.

18. Don’t write! • Bacon argued that truth could not be known at the beginning of a question, but only at the end after a long process of investigation. • experiments to prove a hypothesis to lead to correct principles.

19. Ptolemy Copernicus Compare & Contrast Kepler’s orbits only 1. Divide a piece of paper in 1/2. Draw a line down the center (both sides). 2. Label them the following. 3. In the correct section, draw that astronomer’s view of the universe. (use pages 294-295 to help) 4. Label all parts of the universe (sun, moon, planets, aliens) 5. Use color. Be neat. 6. In the 4th box, compare & contrast the 3 different views. What are the differences? What are the similarities? 7. Be sure to write in complete sentences. Be specific! Be sure to describe at least ____ things about each astronomer.

20. The Enlightenment

21. The Enlightenment PHILOSOPHES were French intellectuals. • Reason, law, hope, progress, themes of enlightenment

22. Said you should apply rational criticism, study society, look at facts & use scientific method to make society better.

23. John Locke, said all humans born w/ TABULARASA or a blank slate. • All knowledge comes from experience & all people have natural rights of life, liberty & property

24. Rene Descartes: Fr philosopher who said “I think, therefore I am” • Doubt material world, trust your mind. • Use human reason & question things • Truth found after studying & investigation • Father of rationalism

26. Baron Montesquieu:used scientific method to study govt to find natural laws that govern social & political relationships.

27. Saidin the Spirit of Law govts: should have executive, legislative & judicial branches. • Also separation of powers & checks & balances.

28. VOLTAIRE- witty middle class Parisian writer. • Believed in freedom of speech & religion! • Deism: religious philosophy based on reason & natural law. World ran like a clock • “All men are brothers” • “I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it”

29. Jean Jacque Rousseau: govt should secure freedom, equality & justice (rule for common good) for all within the state. • Wrote Social Contract 1762: said entire society agrees to be governed by general will, but lose individual liberty.

30. Don’t Write!!!!! MAN IS BORN FREE, BUT EVERYWHERE HE IS IN CHAINS • Free people, remember this maxim: we may acquire liberty, but it is never recovered if it is once lost • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSxQuYGqTd8

31. ECONOMICS-Said if people pursue own eco self interest, all society benefits.

32. ADAM SMITH (father of capitalism) govt should protect society from invasion & create public works • Govt should not interfere by imposing regulations. Called LAISSEZ-FAIRE- let them alone

34. AMERICAN REVOLUTION

35. DON’T WRITE: America was a colony- so it was run and controlled by another country, Great Britain which was 3000 miles away • Britain has a monarchy ( a king)

36. DON’T WRITE!!!! Colonies set up for profit, took natural resources & turned them into manufactured goods & sold back to colonies

37. *Britain needs $$$$ & passes Stamp Act Tax, taxing all paper goods, set restrictions *Colonists angry (no say in govt) Wanted rights & freedoms of philosophes. Creates unrest & protests • 1st Continental Congress meets to plan action

38. Congress meets again after war starts on 4/19/1775 when colonists were shot at by Br soldiers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8waBR2Hpsgk

39. Congress organized govt & est Continental Army led by George Washington

40. Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence • Adopted July 4, 1776

41. declared equality & rights of the people, reasons for rebellion & independence from GB • France 1st to recognize US

42. War ends w/ Treaty of Paris in 1783, giving US control of land E of the Mississippi.

43. Articles of Confederation, 1st constitution, kept each state independent. • Very weak govt (no exec branch). (no power to tax, etc) • Meeting called to fix Articles.

44. May 25, 1787, 55 delegates met in Philly for Constitutional Convention. • Articles tossed out & framers write new constitution.

45. New Constitution used Montesquie’s ideas of executive, legislative & judicial branches • Separation of powers divide power btw branches. • Checks & balances allows each branch to check & balance each other

47. James Madison wrote Bill of Rights (10 Amendments) gave basic rights of people (speech, press, religion). • States wouldn't ratify Constitution w/o it. • Seen as proof of Enlightenment

48. Enlightened Absolutism: rulers who used enlightenment ideas, but kept royal power.

49. Prussia: Frederick II or The Great: abolished torture & death penalty, individal protects before law, granted limited free speech, press & religious toleration, set 1st law code &education rules, created agricultural reforms, built roads • Kept Serfdom

50. Joseph II of Austria abolished serfdom, no death penalty, equality for all before law, religious toleration. • created administrative, fiscal, & judicial bureaucracy directly responsible him • Failed. Upset many. Nobles, serfs unhappy