National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme

1. National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme Field Test Kit Ministry of Rural Development Department of Drinking Water Supply

2. National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance Programme • Launched in February 2006 • For the balance period of 10th Five Year Plan • State-wise projects sanctioned on the basis of norms

3. Components of the programme • IEC • HRD • Monitoring & Surveillance activities, which includes field test kits (chemical and bacteriological), strengthening of labs and administrative expenses • Community Contribution for O&M

4. Total Estimated Cost of the programme in balance 10th FYP • Total estimated cost for the remaining 10th Five Year Plan Period = Rs.269.88 crore • Funds released = Rs. 57.84 crore • Funds for IEC activities = Rs 24.00 crore • For HRD activities = Rs 15.32 crore • Cost of procurement of field test kits (14539 demo kits and 35,000 operational kits) @ Rs 2500 per kit = Rs 12.38 crore • bacteriological test kits @ Rs 18 per ki = Rs 5.46 crore • Honorarium to district surveillance co-ordinator = Rs 0.26 crore • SRI fees = Rs 0.42 crore

5. Variables involved in arriving Cost Norms and their sources • Rural Population – As per Census 2001 • Number of Drinking water sources – As per unvalidated Habitation Survey-2003 • Number of GPs, blocks and districts – As per unvalidated Habitation Survey- 2003

6. Objectives of the Programme • Monitoring and Surveillance of all drinking water sources in the country by the community. • Decentralization of water quality monitoring and surveillance of all rural drinking water sources in the country. • Institutionalization of community participation and involvement of PRIs for WQM&S • Generation of awareness among the rural masses about water quality problem and water borne diseases. • Building capacity of Panchayats to own the field test kit and take up full O&M for WQM&S of all drinking water sources.

7. Concept of Monitoring & Surveillance (M&S) • Monitoring – Laboratory and / or Spot Testing of water samples collected from different locations in the water supply system including sources, water treatment plants, distribution system and house reservoirs.

8. Concept of Monitoring & Surveillance • Surveillance – Keeping a careful watch at all times, from the public health point of view over the safety and acceptability of drinking water supply.

9. Key components of Surveillance • A continues and systematic programme of sanitary inspection and water quality testing • Monitoring • Sanitary survey • Data processing • Evaluation • Remedial and preventive action, and • Institutional analysis

10. Responsibilities for M&S

11. Strategy • Constitution of National Rural Drinking Water Quality Advisory Committee • Identification of National Referral Institute - NICD • Entering into MoU with NRI • Training for State officials • Identification of State level Referral Institute • Linkages of water quality monitoring and surveillance at all the levels – NRI, SWSM/SRI, DWSM and GP/VWSC • Identification/Registration of safe drinking water sources in all rural habitations (GP wise)

12. Strategy (contd..2..) • Taking up State and Region specific IEC activities involving PRIs, Co-operatives, Women groups, SHGs, NGOs by CCDU/SWSM • HRD-Training at district, block and gram panchayat levels • 10 % sample testing – At State level and surveillance by State Health Departments • 30 % testing – At District level labs and surveillance by District Health Departments • Sanitary surveys • 100% testing of all sources at village level by grass root level workers.

13. Institutional Mechanism • At the Grass root level, the VWSC/GP will identify 5 workers and a Co-ordinator for testing drinking water using simple field testing kits (ASHA/Anganwadi/Science teacher/VWSC member/Panchayat member, etc.) • Positive samples to be brought to District laboratory by the GP Co-ordinator • DWSM and the District laboratory would administer IEC and HRD activities in the district involving PRIs, reputed NGOs and in active co-ordination with Health authorities at all levels.

14. Institutional Mechanism (contd..2) • Necessary restructuring of PHED may be done by States like JE’s getting trained on water quality testing is suggested in case chemists are not available. • The State Lab/SRI will cross-verify at least 10% samples and also address complicated cases (Pesticides, Insecticides, radio-active pollution etc.) • The SWSM would monitor the overall scenario and administer IEC and HRD activities through the CCDU.

15. Role and Responsibilities Department of Drinking Water Supply (DDWS) • The entire programme will be monitored by DDWS as per the Implementation manual and guidelines issued for this programme. • Advisory role - National Rural Drinking Water Quality Advisory Committee. • Consultancy by National Referral Institute – NICD, to act as consultants • Providing training modules at all levels • Evaluation of Field test kits

16. Role and Responsibilities of National level Referral Institute (NRI) • An MoU has been signed between NICD and DDWS. • Technical consultancy would be provided by NICD for this programme. • Establishing linkages between water quality monitoring and surveillance. • Processing, interpreting and evaluating all data pertaining to drinking water quality. • Training of State level functionaries.

17. Role and Responsibilities of State / State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM) • Identification of SRIs. • Entering into MoU with SRIs – Model MoU circulated to States. • Guide district level laboratories in successful implementation of the programme. • Provide feed back date on water quality along with information related to quality consciousness and awareness • Plan, execute and monitor the collection, testing and reporting of water samples by state and district level laboratories. • Data reporting as per the MIS provided by DDWS • Promote people’s participation by involving target groups, educational institutions, voluntary organizations, women etc. • To consider the technical policy inputs referred by SRI. • To refer complex and nationally important water quality problems to DDWS. • IEC and HRD activities – Training for District level key trainers • Identification of suitable resource institutions for imparting training , if required • Procurement of Field test kits

18. Role and Responsibilities of State level Referral Institute (SRI) • Entering into MoU with State Govt. • SRI would advise PHEDs/ Water Boards in setting up District level Water Quality Testing labs. • Identification and assessment of present facilities and needs including financial requirements • Strengthening of labs at district level • Arrangement of hardware and other requirements • Establishing linkages between Water quality monitoring and surveillance activities • Programme for training and development of human resources • Guide the DWSM in the planning and implementation activities of the programme. • To refer the complex and nationally important water quality problems to NRI

19. Role and Responsibilities of District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM) • Provide facilities for routine analysis of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters relating to drinking water. • Implement the action plan decided by State Government/ SRI • Implementing the programme at village level • Procurement of Field test kits, if desired by the State govt. • Supervise the operation of field test kits supplied to GPs under their jurisdiction and ensuring timely supply of chemicals and glassware's • Arrange periodical monitoring of bacteriological quality of water from the sources in villages and report to State PHED for remedial measures. • To refer complex water quality problems beyond their control to SRI/SWSM. • IEC and HRD activities – Training for Block level key trainers • Supervision of surveillance activities by District level surveillance coordinators

20. Role and Responsibilities of GP/ Village Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC) • Monitoring of all drinking water sources • Sanitary survey • Disinfection • Recording keeping • Communication to District labs/ Health authorities for remedial action.

21. Operational Aspects of National Rural Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme • Drinking water quality standards, epidemiological and health aspects of water quality, sampling procedures, specifications of labs, role and responsibilities of different functionaries could be followed as per the Implementation Manual. • Sampling frequency, IEC Action Plan, HRD activities and Cost norms shall be followed as per the Guidelines only. Implementation Manual may be referred for directional aspects only.

22. Parameters for testing • At the State/District Lab :- • Colour, odour, taste, pH, turbidity, hardness, TDS, alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, selenium, pesticides, MPN and faecal coliforms, etc. in reference to IS-10500. • Testing procedures as per Standards Methods /IS-2488, IS 3025. • May initially examine all parameters and set only key parameters for routine analysis. • At GP using Field Test Kits • As given at item-10.2.2 in the Implementation manual • Includes analysis of turbidity, pH, hardness, chloride, iron, nitrate, fluoride, residual chlorine, arsenic and bacteriological quality (only for qualitative analysis) • May restrict later on to region-specific elements only.

23. Sampling Frequency • Quarterly for bacteriological parameter – as per Implementation Manual. • Once a year for chemical parameters – as per guidelines • Once a year – Sanitary survey

24. Sampling Frequency – Sanitary Inspections • Frequency depends on the types of sources • Once in a year for wells, springs and piped water supplies by GRW • Once initially and there after once every five years or as situation demands by surveillance agency • Quarterly for covered dug wells and shallow and deep tube wells with hand pumps by GRW • Once initially and there as situation demands by surveillance agency • Once in a month for open well by GRW • Once initially and there after as situation demands by surveillance agency

25. Sampling Frequency – Sanitary Inspections • Once in a month for Population up to 5000 by GRW and two times in year by supply agency • Once in a year in community rainwater collection systems by GRW

26. IEC activities • Inter-personal communication (door to door contact) • Audio-visual publicity • Hoarding and wall writing etc • Slogans, picture frames, group meetings, street play, participatory rural appraisal and exhibition may be used as a tools. • To be operationalized through the CCDU/ SWSM

27. Illustrative list of activities under HRD • Training of VWSCs/GPs on oWater quality issues including health related diseases oWater quality monitoring • Water quality surveillance oSanitation and hygiene • Training of block, district level officers, State level functionaries on oSocial mobilization oWater quality monitoring and surveillance oSanitation and hygiene

28. HRD-Training • No. of persons to be trained at State – 2 by NRI – 70 persons • (one from State Govt and one from SRI) • No. of persons to be trained at District –4 by SRI – 2368 persons • No. of persons to be trained at Block-5 By DWSM – 31795 persons • No. of persons to be trained at GP-5 grass root level workers + 1 co-ordinator By Block – 1166670 GRWs + 233334 co-ord.

29. HRD-Training – Cost Norms • For State officials= Rs 1.92 lakh +TA/DA as per Government rules per training course – 5 days duration • For District officials = Rs 1.92 lakh +TA/DA (Rs 1500 for traveling expenses, Rs 100 per day for DA). TA/DA be provided as per actual and Government rules- 5 days duration • For Block officials = Rs 30,000 inclusive of TA/DA per course – 3 days duration. • For Grass root level workers = = Rs 15,000 inclusive of TA/DA per course – 2 days duration. • Maximum of 25 persons per training course.

30. Procurement of Field Testing Kits • Procurement action may be decided by the SWSM. • Field test kits for Demo purpose • NICD =7, DDWS =3, State/SRI = 1, District = 3, Block=2 nos. • Field test kits for regular monitoring at GP level • Chemical FTK would be provided one per GP. At least one time sampling in a year. • Bacteriological test kits would be provided for all sources and testing should be done 4 times in a year. • Maximum cost for chemical FTK – Rs.2500 per kit • For bacteriological test kit – Rs.18/- per kit

31. District Laboratories • For establishing new lab – Rs 4 lakh. • States are requested to immediately put up proposals separately as formation of district lab is mandatory for implementation of the programme • For strengthening of existing labs – initially Rs 1 lakh per lab could be considered both for Centre sanctioned and State sanctioned Labs (Maximum one lab per district or island). • Any further strengthening of labs could be considered after SRI send its proposal and the NRI recommends the same. • Any further strengthening of labs (including specific arsenic testing facility in affected districts) could be considered after SRI send its proposal and the NRI recommends the same.

32. Administrative Expenses • Travel and transport at GP level – Rs 60 per quarter per GP (basis :: actual costs as suggested by select States) • Data reporting at district level laboratory (for acknowledgment and information purposes) – 70 paise per sample. • Stationery to GPs – Rs 50 per GP per year • Honorarium to One district level surveillance co-ordinator – Rs 1500 per month – Please select employee from local Health department. • Technical consultancy fee to SRI – Rs 4.8 lakh per year • Water testing, documentation and data entry fee to District Laboratories – Rs 90 per sample. It is estimated that 30% of total drinking water sources may be required for testing. Therefore, costs per year has been calculated based on number of drinking water sources reported.

33. Community Contribution • It is estimated that Re 1 may be required per family per month for the following O&M costs :- • Refilling cost of Field test kits – Rs 500 per GP • Honorarium to 5 Grass root level workers @ Rs 500 per person per annum • Cost of disinfectants and minor remedial expenses = Rs 1500 per annum per GP • Annuity cost (for procuring kit after expiry of Govt. provided FTK) = Rs 250 per GP per year. • Honorarium to one GP Co-ordinator who co-ordinates activities of the 5 grass root level workers – Rs 1200 per annum.

34. Funds Flow • For IEC and HRD activities :: Centre to SWSM(CCDU), State to decide further funds flow. • For strengthening of laboratories :: Centre to PHED/Board and then to DWSC/District labs. • Field testing kits :: Centre to State/Board. State to decide procurement strategy. • Administrative expenses :: Centre to State/Board. State to administer funds flow as per Cost norms indicated in the Guidelines. • Community contribution :: Funds for IEC may also be used to make them to own the kits and take up full O&M. They may use the existing bank accounts of TSC or Swajaldhara programmes, with separate ledger.

35. Monitoring and MIS • District laboratory is the primary agent for electronic data entry, based on verification of data from FTKs. • All district labs not having PC and accessories may send proposals under MIS programme • Suitable MIS software is under preparation by DDWS and will be given to all States/districts for on-line monitoring. • Involvement of Health officials for disease surveillance and updating of records by the district labs is mandatory. • SRI to specifically look into the data generated from districts and advise the State Govt. (PHED). • SRI to refer complicated cases to NRI. • DDWS to monitor overall implementation of the programme

36. Monitoring • Monitoring through regular field inspection by the State and District officials • Monitoring by Review Missions of GoI

37. WATER • Warrants Adequate Testing for Effective Regulation of quality Thank you…….