Part 3 Historical Expansion Minority Areas Transportation Resource Base Industry

1. Egeo 324: East Asia Human EnvironmentCHINA THE SETTINGPart 3: Anthropogenic Regional Impacts and Environmental Policies and Impacts China Geography & Envr

2. Part 3 • Historical Expansion • Minority Areas • Transportation • Resource Base • Industry China Geography & Envr

3. China Geography & Envr

4. Historical Growth of China China Geography & Envr

5. Chinese Empire at its 19th Century Height China Geography & Envr

6. Yellow Emperor • From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • Yellow Emperor • The Yellow Emperor or Huang Di (Chinese: 黃帝, Simplified Chinese: 黄帝, pīnyīn: huángdì) is a legendaryChinese sovereign and cultural hero who is said to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese. • One of the Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor is said by tradition to have reigned from 2698 BCE to 2599 BCE. • The legend of his retreat to west in the war against the eastern Emperor Chi You at the Battle of Zhuolu (涿鹿) is seen as the establishment of the Han Chinesenationality. China Geography & Envr

7. Pre-Historic Five Emporers All these "emperors" were only people with great contributions or famous rulers of tribal unions. From the Bamboo Annals and Classic of History, their positions are known to have been attained by election by other chiefs in the tribal unions. When they die, their children may succeed the positions of the ruler of their own tribe, but not the position of the ruler of the tribal union. Their power is much less than the historical Chinese emperors, China Geography & Envr

8. First Historic Emperor of China • The first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇), who coined a new term for "Emperor" (huangdi皇帝) by combining the titles of "sovereign" (huang皇) and "god-king" (di帝) (which is homophonic with the name of the "Yellow Emperor", the first traditional emperor (黄 帝),) who had absolute power over the people. China Geography & Envr

9. First “Historical” Emperor of China http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/greatwall/Emperor.html China Geography & Envr

10. Qinshihuang Desperate For Longevity • Qinshihuang, the first emperor who unified China in 221 B.C., was desperate in searching elixir of life, and even sent Taoists overseas for it. He died of illness at 49 in 210B.C., four years before his dynasty's collapse. • When Qinshihuang was still alive, he began to build his mausoleum with some terracotta warrior pits. The Qinshihuang Mausoleum is located 30 km east to Xi'an, at the foot of Lishan hills. Qinshihuang's body is still buried there. China Geography & Envr

11. Barriers, Invasions & Isolationism • Mongolian/turkic peoples & reactions • Isolation, walls, xenophobia • Barbarians from the south – Europeans • Attempt isolation, exclusion • Opium wars force open markets of country Long historical spatial pattern • Joining country into empire under new dynasties • Fragmenting into separate kingdoms under declining dynasties China Geography & Envr

12. China’s FourEthno/ Historic Regions1.China Proper2. Inner Mongolia3. Xinjiang4. Tibet Inner Mongolia TIBET China Geography & Envr

13. China Proper: The East China Geography & Envr

14. Border and Minority Areas • Xinjiang • Inner Mongolia • Tibet • Relationship to Minority Ethno-Linguistic Regions China Geography & Envr

15. Current Minority Tension China Geography & Envr

16. The West China Geography & Envr

17. Ethno-Linguistic Patters China Geography & Envr

18. Ethno-Linguistic Patters China Geography & Envr

19. Xinjiang to Nei (Inner) Mongolia China Geography & Envr

20. Tibet China Geography & Envr

21. China Geography & Envr

22. Transportation China Geography & Envr

23. Rivers – only Chang Jiang (Yangtze) really navigable http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.worldpress.org/images/ca/china.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.worldpress.org/specials/pp/china.htm&h=338&w=660&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmap%2Bcoal%2BOR%2Boil%2BOR%2Bpetroleum%2B%2522china%2522%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG China Geography & Envr

24. Historical Note The Three Gorges along the Yangtze prevented the Japanese from attacking the Nationalist Chinese Army headquartered in Sezchuan during WWII. Hankow, it was declared on several occasions, will be defended at all cost, and many observers look to the forthcoming battle as a decisive one. Certain is that the further spread of the Yellow River floods in Eastern Honan have insured Hankow against any attack from the north and the north-west, leaving the Yangtze Valley as the only approach. But this course is fraught with dangers for the invader, whose fleet could be caught between two booms and whose land forces might find their communications cut off by the rising waters. It is therefore likely that the Japanese drive will be directed across Po-yang Lake towards Nan-chang, with the attempt to strike at the Hankow-Canton Railway south http://www.talesofoldchina.com/journal/1938/t-380801.htm China Geography & Envr

25. Silk Roads China Geography & Envr

26. Transportation 20th Century Dr. Sun Yet Sun 100 Years Ago in China Railroads, in the time period being looked at, were a vital part of creating a viable industrialized economy. Therefore, whoever controlled the railroads could control a large part of the economy. China, because of the conservative policies of the Manchu government, was slow in building railways, but after 1900, railroad construction speeded up and who controlled them was a vital matter. The Manchu government had two options. The first was to have railroads under provincial control, and thus paid for by the local merchants and nobles. The other option was central control with the railways built and paid for by the imperial treasury, which depended on foreign loans (principally British), and this meant that even more of the Chinese economy would fall under foreign control. China Geography & Envr http://www.edunetconnect.com/cat/timemachine/80cj.html

27. Transportation 20th Century Dr. Sun Yet Sun The Manchu took the second option, sparking a revolt in Szechuan province. Manchu repression here then leads to an army revolt in Hankow (Wuhan) in 1911. The Manchu could only rely on loyal elements in the so-called Peiyang or northern army, reformed in 1901. But the units of this army were really only loyal to the various commanding generals, not to the Manchu emperor. These generals, from the local provincial nobility, have been called "landlords with machine guns". The revolt was based in the south, showing the traditional differences between north and south China. China Geography & Envr http://www.edunetconnect.com/cat/timemachine/80cj.html

28. Railways Security Considerations • Note links to West – Xinjiang • Newest line being built into Tibet - 2006 Economic Considerations • Note new high speed lines in Coastal China China Geography & Envr

29. China Geography & Envr

30. High Speed Rail in China Shanghai Municipal Government purchased a TransRapid train system from Germany for the 30.5km (19.0mi.) rail link connecting Shanghai Pudong International Airport and the city. In 2004, the Shanghai Maglev Train became the world's first commercially-operated high-speed maglev. Peak speeds of 431 km/h (267mph) and makes the 30.5km (19.0mi.) in less than 7.5 minutes. China Geography & Envr

31. China Geography & Envr

32. VIDEOS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-blGN-CxPac http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_BO8PanSAo&feature=related China Geography & Envr

33. Roadways and Air • Rapidly catching up to the US China Geography & Envr

34. China's road, rail and air infrastructure rushes on The Economist: Feb 14th 2008 BEIJING -- China's race to build roads, railways and airports speeds ahead. Democracy says an official, would sacrifice efficiency. http://www.rmtbristol.org.uk/2008/02/ China Geography & Envr

35. Roadways: total: 3,583,715 km (includes 53,913 km of expressways) (2007) country comparison to the world: 2 China Geography & Envr

36. Accident http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3PiHQDe0fQ China Geography & Envr

37. TRANSPORTATION + RESOURCES = $$$$$ China Geography & Envr

38. What is the most critical resource to China’s future??? China Geography & Envr

39. >17001000-1700 500- 1000 <500 See http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/cif-econ-insight.pag?docid=40367255

41. By Farheen Pasha, Research Analyst, Environment Severe Water Scarcity

42. Other Natural ResourcesWell endowed China Geography & Envr

43. Energy • Limited Oil, China is now the world’s second largest Oil importer behind the US • China currently is heavily dependent on Coal using fairly “dirty” technologies • 75% of energy from coal • Uses about ½ of world annual coal • Hydro Power is currently under development and posses many problems • Nuclear Power is also under development • Natural Gas – FRACKING-- can become the world’s leader • Renewables – world leader China Geography & Envr

44. www.ChinaEnergyMap.org • Explore the following China Geography & Envr

45. Oil China Geography & Envr

46. COAL China Geography & Envr

47. Coal Statistics World’s Largest Producer and Consumer of Coal Population: 1,336,718,015 (July 2011 est.) Total Energy Output: 1,276.595 million tons of coal equivalentPercent Exported: nilTotal Energy Consumption: 1,225.474 million tons of coal equivalentPercent Imported: 4.9Consumption per Head: 1,012 kg coal equivalent Sources: U.S. Dept. of Energy; CIA World Factbook; Center for Strategic Studies; Economist Intelligence Unit; East-West Institute; Brookings Institution; Renmin Ribao (Communist Party daily), Beijing. http://www.worldpress.org/specials/pp/china.htm China Geography & Envr

48. Production Growth As of the end of 2006, China had 62 billion tons of anthracite and 52 billion tons of lignite quality coal 16% of world total 3rd largest after USA & Russia China Geography & Envr

49. Coal Well distributed in China Proper China Geography & Envr

50. Coal Other Considerations • Safety • Air Pollution and Acid Rain – even reaches Pacific NW • Continuous reports of mine disasters and deaths (estimate of 2,000 deaths per year … nytimes sept 29, 2006) • Coal Mines on fire • But what about H2O China Geography & Envr