The “Clause”

1. Let’s see what we can unwrap with…. The “Clause”

2. As you know, a clause is…. • Group of words with a subject & verb • May or may not be a complete sentence Sorry, nothing to do with Santa…not even spelled the same. What about Santa??? Santa Claus does not have an “e” on the end.

3. The Santa Clause was a Disney movie with a pun as the title. A clause, in this case, is a line in a contract. The Tim Allen character fell into a contract with a clause which stated that… since he put on the red suit, he had to become Santa Claus. Get it? What is the dependent clause in the sentence? since he put on the red suit Look at the “Es” on clause in the pics!

4. Two Kinds of Clauses: Independent & Dependent (Subordinate)

5. Pretty self-explanatory… An independent clause relies on nothing else.(It can stand alone.) Think… S+V+CompleteThought = Indep. Clause Kelly knows all about this one… Example: After I finish studying, I will go to the movies.

6. A dependent clause relies on the rest of the sentence…it can’t stand alone because it’s “dependent”. Think…S + V + No complete thought = Dep. Clause Example: After I finish studying, I will go to the movies.

7. There are three specific types of dependent (subordinate) clauses… 1. Adjective Clause *Describes a Noun or Pronoun *Describes a Verb, Adjective, or Adverb 2. Adverb Clause *The clause is used as aNoun (subject, direct object, indirect object, predicate noun, or object of a preposition) 3. Noun Clause

8. Definition of an Adjective Clause: A dependent clause that describes a noun or pronoun. Example: Mrs. Smith had shown slides that she had taken in Egypt. How do we know this is a clause and not a phrase? **It has a subject-she and a verb-had taken** Why is it an adjective clause? **Because that group of words is describing a noun=slides**

9. Hint! An adjective clauseUSUALLYstarts with a relative pronoun! Ok, what’s a relative pronoun? that, which, who, whom, whose Remember those things that introduced a subordinate clause? These are those things!!!! Example: Leonardo da Vinci was the artist who painted the Mona Lisa. “Hey, that’s a subordinate clause!”

10. Find the adjective clause in the following sentences and tell which word it modifies. 1. I play a kind of music that nobody likes. 2. The man whom you saw was not the famous actor. 3. I remember the day that I took my first airplane ride. 4. I have a neighbor whose parents live in Australia. 5. The hint that I learned about cleaning the walk saved me much work.

11. Find the adjective clause in the following sentences and tell which word it modifies. 6. The singer that you see on stage is my sister. 7. The mechanic repaired my sister's car that had a warped block. 8. The teacher who gives the girls piano lessons lives next door. 9. The man whose leg was broken was taken to the hospital. 10. This is the place where the Donner Party perished.

12. Placement of Adjective Clauses • In using an adjective clause, you should always place it as near to the word it modifies as possible. • If you misplace the adjective clause, the result is a ridiculous sentence or one that is unclear.

13. Examples: (incorrect) = I waved to my dog from the car that had just licked my face. (The car did not lick my face; the dog did.) (correct) = From the car I waved to my dog that had just licked my face. (Now the clause is as close as it can be to the word it modifies. That is, next to dog.)

14. Rewrite the following sentences placing the adjective clause in the correct place. 1. They drove to the lake in their new car where they love to fish for bass. 2. The large limousine pulled up to the curb which was loaded with students for the prom. 3. The new tricycle was smashed on the driveway that had been delivered yesterday. 4. We showed the pictures to our friends that we had taken at the wedding. 5. We caught several fish with the new bait which we cooked for dinner.

15. Definition of an Adverb Clause: A dependent clause that describes a verb, adjective, or adverb. Example: If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go to the beach. Why is this an adverb clause? Because it is describing a verb (will go) and it has a subject & verb (It does rain) NOTICE: When an adverb clause begins a sentence, it is followed by a comma.

16. An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction! Example: If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go to the beach. What’s the subordinating conjunction in that sentence? If

17. Find the adverb clause in the following sentences and tell which word it modifies. • Because it is sunny today, we are going to eat outside. • Ivan went to see Captain America: Winter Soldier since he had enjoyed the other movie. • If Michael Bublé comes back to Jacksonville, Mrs. Ryfun will be going to see him. • As we approached the cafeteria, we smelled the popcorn in the popper. • Mr. Ryfun becomes nervous when he speaks in public.

18. Find the adverb clause in the following sentences and tell which word it modifies. 6. Mr. Smith took a nap while Mrs. Smith cleaned up after the dog. 7. Whenever you make a promise, you must keep it. 8. You may have the job if you will work hard at it. 9. Julia's three cats bolted from the driveway once they saw her car turn the corner. 10. After his appointment at the orthodontist, David cooked eggs for dinner because he could easily chew an omelet.

19. Definition of a Noun Clause: A dependent clause used as a noun. EXAMPLE: Three dollars was what Daniel offered for the trinket. This is a predicate nominative noun clause. A noun clause can be used as a subject, a predicate nominative (noun), a direct object, an indirect object, or as an object of a preposition. 3 Because that doesn’t have a subject and verb and a clause has to have both! Why can’t “three dollars” be the Noun Clause?

20. Find the noun clause in the following sentences and tell how it is functioning. • What the English teacher said was downright inspiring. • The wonderful thing about English teachers is that they all get along so well. • I must decide which English course to take. • English teachers dispense wisdom to whomever will listen. • English teachers will give whomever they teach their utmost attention.

21. Find the noun clause in the following sentences and tell how it is functioning. 6. Whether you drive or fly is up to you. 7. I wondered if you would like to go to the barbecue. 8. Maria led us to where she had last seen the canoe. 9. The problem is that my GPS is lost. 10. You should have given what your parents said both thought and consideration.