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Water for the Recovery of the Climate - A New Water Paradigm Michal Kravcik, Juraj Kohutiar NGO „People and Water“ Slovakia Water Tribune, Zaragoza , 23rd August 200 8. TOPICS OF THIS PRESENTATION. INTRODUCTION BODY Human impact on water cycle Water cycle and climate change
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Water for the Recovery of the Climate -A New Water Paradigm Michal Kravcik, Juraj Kohutiar NGO „People and Water“ SlovakiaWater Tribune, Zaragoza, 23rdAugust 2008
TOPICS OF THIS PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION BODY • Human impact on water cycle • Water cycle and climate change • Recovery of the climate CONCLUSION
“On July 22d [1494], he [Columbus] departed for Jamaica…. every afternoon there was a rain squall that lasted for about an hour. The admiral attributes this to the great forests of that land; he knew from experience that formerly this also occurred in the Canary, Madeira, and Azore Islands, but since the removal of forests that once covered those islands they do not have so much mist and rain as before.” /Christopher Columbus’ biography by his son Ferdinand/
DEFORESTATION &AGRICULTURE Deforestation / some forms of farming cause: • increase of runoff (and erosion) • lower infiltration (groundwater recharge) • lower evaporation (change of regional climate)
ALTERATION OF RIVERS • natural meanders removed • adjacent swamps drained • shortening length increases slope • acceleration of runoff • lowering land's ability to retain water
SOIL SEALING IN CITIES • about 20 billion m3 of rainwater sluiced from municipalities of Europeannually
PAVEMENT IMPACT • infiltration decreases (groundwater recharge decreases) • evaporationdecreases(air humidity decreases) • runoff increases(through sewage to rivers and sea) Free surface Paved surface
RUNOFF FROM URBANAND FOREST ENVIRONMENTS Decrease of runoffis overlooked flood prevention measure
Atmosphere Land Oceans EARTH – WATER BUDGET Precipitation 99 000 km³/year Evaporation 62 000 km³/year Evaporation 361 000km³/year Precipitation 324 000 km³/year Runoff 37 000 km³/year There is more water in „small“ water cycle than in „large“ water cycle!!!
The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain... (???)
HOT CLIMATIC UMBRELLA OF A CITY Soil sealing resulting in the lack of evapotranspiration in urban areas is the main reason of “urban heat island” effects.
Why the rain failsmainly on the plain? Rising air flows push precipitation away to colder and more humid areas
When fire and water are at war, it is the firethat loses. /Spanish Proverb/
GROWTH OF EXTREME WEATHER WITH DECLINE OF SMALL WATER CYCLE The less water “soil sealing” allows in small water cycle, the more frequent and more severe are extremes of weather
DESTRUCTION AND RENEWAL OF SMALL WATER CYCLE There is a hope of recovery by returning the lost water back to the land.
Take care, your worship, those things over there are not giants but windmills... Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quijote
Old water paradigm protects surface water as the main source and reserve of water New water paradigm protects groundwater and soil water as the main treasure of water www.waterparadigm.org
Old water paradigm soil sealing has minimal impact on the water cycle New water paradigm soil sealing has a fundamental impact on the water cycle www.waterparadigm.org
Old water paradigm soil sealing has minimal influence on global warming New water paradigm soil sealing may be important factor in global warming www.waterparadigm.org
Old water paradigm rainwater is an inconvenience, needs to be quickly removed New water paradigm rainwater is an asset that needs to be retained (especially in soil/plants) www.waterparadigm.org