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Animal Agriculture as a Science

Animal Agriculture as a Science. Agriculture: Oldest and most important of all sciences Science: Process by which we explain natural phenomena Domestication: The process of taming an animal to allow it to be raised under the supervision of humans

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Animal Agriculture as a Science

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  1. Animal Agriculture as a Science • Agriculture: Oldest and most important of all sciences • Science: Process by which we explain natural phenomena • Domestication: The process of taming an animal to allow it to be raised under the supervision of humans • Hypothesis: An educated guess – a testable statement

  2. Experiment: A test that attempts to isolate a problem in question and determine the solution • Control Group: The group that remains unchanged, it becomes the standard to compare the experimental effect against • Experimental group: The group that is tested and varied to observe the effect

  3. Environment: The total of all the external conditions that may have an effect upon an organism or community to influence it’s development or existence • Omnivorous: Describing an animal that eats both plants and other animals  • Herbivores: An animal that eats plants as the main part of its diet

  4. Hormones: Chemical substances that are secreted by glands in an animal’s body, that produce a certain effect • Vaccinating: The process of injecting an animal with certain microorganisms in an effort to make the animal immune to specific diseases • Immunity: Resistance to catching disease

  5. Serum: The clear portion of any animal fluid • Vaccines: The substance that contains live, modified, or dead organism that is injected into an animal to make it immune to a specific disease • Pharmaceutical: A substance that is used as a drug to make the life of a person better

  6. Science: process by which we explain natural phenomena. • Nature - Complex environment we live in • Natural laws control everything from gravity to weather • Also control the way plants and animals live and grow

  7. Agriculture • the oldest science • without it, we would still be gatherers • understanding of nature has enabled us to produce enough food, and clothing to survive.

  8. Agriculture is science • develop and learn, practices improve • efficiency of understanding has enabled a smaller percent of the population to produce food. • Always using new technologies • Automatic cattle feeding • GPS systems on tractors • Laser leveling of fields • Round-up ready crops

  9. Morrill Act – 1862 • Morrill – senator from Vermont • Grant of land to states • Maintain at least one college • Leading objective of college • Promote both liberal and practical education • Several pursuits and professions of life • 1) Industrial classes • 2) Agriculture and mechanic arts • 3) Military tactics • Without excluding other scientific and classical studies

  10. Hatch Act - 1887 • Establish experiment stations • Conduct research • Physiology of plants and animals • Diseases • Chemical composition of useful plants • Rotative cropping . • Analysis of soils and water • Chemical composition of manures • Value of grasses and forage plants • Composition and digestibility of food for domestic animals • Production of butter and cheese.

  11. Smith-Lever Act - 1914 • Cooperative extension • Instruction and practical demonstration. • a. Agriculture • b. Home Economics • The Cooperative Extension takes the technology and information learned and developed at the Land-Grant Colleges and Experiment Stations to the general public

  12. Smith-Hughes Act 1917 • Vocational Education for high school students • Prepared high school students for land grant colleges • Opened the door for Vocational Student orginazations

  13. Explain the concept of the scientific method; •  Scientific Method • 1. Stating a problem - something is considered a problem if its solution is not obvious. Some crucial information is missing. Solving the problem involves finding this missing information.

  14. 2. Collecting information on the problem -- the more you know about the problem the more precisely you can state the problem and the less time you will waste looking for solutions.

  15. 3. Making a hypothesis- a. Use what you know about the problem to predict a solution and try it. b. Look for patterns that will help you make predictions about the problem. c. Make a model, or a representation, of what you’re working with. d. Break the problem down into smaller, simpler problems.

  16. 4. Performing an experiment - design an experiment that will provide a means for you to make a solid conclusion about your hypothesis 5. Make a conclusion - a solid conclusion is related to the hypothesis and based on the results of a well designed experiment

  17. Some of the discoveries that have revolutionized • Animal Immunization • Refrigeration • Artificial Insemination • Embryo Transfer • Computers

  18. List pharmaceuticals that are derived from animals; and • Some examples of pharmaceuticals derived from animals are: • Cortisone- gallbladder of cattle • Insulin- pancreases of hogs • Hormones- harvested animals • Parts- ie. heart valve from pigs

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