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Introduction

Introduction. Margaret Hanley Business Analyst/Senior Information Architect BBC Worked on three continents – Australia, USA and UK Been both a consultant and internal staff to companies like Sensis (Yellow Pages in Australia), Argus Associates (US), Ingenta (UK and BBC (UK). CVs and Metadata.

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Introduction

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  1. Introduction • Margaret Hanley • Business Analyst/Senior Information Architect BBC • Worked on three continents – Australia, USA and UK • Been both a consultant and internal staff to companies like Sensis (Yellow Pages in Australia), Argus Associates (US), Ingenta (UK and BBC (UK) Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  2. CVs and Metadata • Exercise • Definition, types, and uses • Controlled vocabularies and thesauri • How to create them Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  3. Metadata exercise • Take a paper bag from the back of room • Each bag will have sheet of paper and a goodie • Two colours of sheets of papers – organise yourselves into groups of 5 with the same colour sheet Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  4. Metadata:what is metadata? • Data about data • Information which describes a document, a file or a CD • Common metadata • CD information: title, composer, artist, date • MS Word document properties: time last saved, company, author Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  5. Metadata:metadata on the Web • Used in the header portion of an html document • Common schemes on the web: Dublin Core, RDF and TopicMaps • In databases to describe chunks of information to create pages Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  6. Metadata:types • Intrinsic: metadata that the file holds about itself (e.g., file name or size) • Descriptive: metadata that describes the file (e.g., subject, title, or audience) • Administrative: metadata used to manage the file (e.g., time last saved, review date, author) Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  7. Metadata:uses • Search: can limit the search to a part of the metadata, like title or keyword • Browse: create topical indexes by aggregating pages with the same metadata • Personalization and customization: show content to an employee based on their role or position in the company, e.g. engineer or manager Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  8. Metadata:controlled vocabularies • To do this, the metadata needs to be the same or at least be related to each other • A controlled vocabulary allows a defined set of words to be used to describe content, therefore allowing the content to be related together Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  9. Metadata:what is vocabulary control? • Controlled Vocabulary • A list of preferred and variant terms • A subset of natural language Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  10. Metadata:why control vocabulary? 1/2 • Language is Ambiguous • Synonyms, homonyms, antonyms, contronyms, etc. • In the Oxford English Dictionary: • “Round” takes 7 ½ pages or 15,000 words to define. • “Set” has 58 uses as a noun, 126 as a verb, 10 as an adjective. The Mother Tongue: English & How It Got That Way by Bill Bryson Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  11. Metadata:why control vocabulary? 2/2 …so your users don’t have to! Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  12. (Broader) Transport 2 (Variant) Choo choo 1 (Preferred) Train (Variant) Locomotive 3 (Related) Bus (Narrower) Steam engine (Related) Tram Metadata:semantic relationships Three types • Equivalence • Hierarchical • Associative Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  13. Metadata:levels of control Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  14. Metadata:what is a thesaurus? Traditional use • Dictionary of synonyms (Roget’s) • From one word to many words Information retrieval context • A controlled vocabulary in which equivalence, hierarchical, and associative relationships are identified for purposes of improved retrieval • Many words to one concept Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  15. Metadata:thesaurus terminology • Preferred terms (UF subject headings, descriptors) • SN Scope Notes • UF Used For • BT Broader Term • NT Narrower Term • RT Related Terms (“See Also”) • Variant terms (UF non-preferred, entry terms) • USE (“See”) Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  16. Metadata:types of thesauri Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  17. Metadata:visibility • Classic Use • Both indexers and searchers explicitly map natural language terms onto controlled vocabularies • Web Environment • Able to choose level of visibility (implicit use, thesaural browsers) • Opportunity to educate users (terminology, associative learning) Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  18. Metadata:niche applications (hypothetical example) Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  19. Metadata:controlled vocabulary statistics • Principle of unlimited aliasing: by leveraging synonyms, recall went from 20% to 80% (in a small collection). The Trouble with Computers Research study at Bellcore (Furnas et al. 1987) • “The findings indicate that a hypertext index with multiple access points for each concept…led to greater effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval on almost all measures.” A Usability Assessment of Online Indexing Structures By Carol A. Hert, Elin K. Jacob, and Patrick Dawson Journal of the American Society for Information Science (September 2000) Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  20. Metadata: Creating CVs • Understand your content (content audits and inventories) • Understand your business requirements • Understand what users are looking for • Decide on the ways the metadata will be used in the organisation Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  21. Metadata: defining the fields • By understanding the content, users and context, you should be getting an idea of the ways to describe content to make it • more accessible for users • able to connect to other content • meet the business needs • The fields will reflect this Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  22. Metadata:the fields • Say you decided on • Product name (because the users kept searching for it) • Subject (to links content together) • Audience (because the business wanted to target specific audiences) Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  23. Metadata:Use existing CVs 1/2 • Identify any CVs that exist within the organisation • Identify any CVs that exist outside of the organisation that could be useful • See if any will meet your needs with modification • It is ALWAYS better to modify a CV than come up with it yourself Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  24. Metadata:Use existing CVs 2/2 • License the CVs with the ability to make changes – ensure that updates to the CV are included within the licensing fee • Add more preferred terms, if the CV is incomplete for your collection • Add more variant terms (your users’ and organisation’s words) • Restructure (but only if necessary) Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  25. Metadata:Creating your own • If no CVs exist, create your own • Collect terms that could be used in the CV – from users, content and the business • Identify CV structure from the terms collected • Start to create Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  26. Metadata:Using it in your site • Static HTML sites • In the header • CMS – page based systems • In the header • CMS – object based systems • With each object • Databases • With each record Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  27. Metadata: Power in the site • Ability to do contextual linking to web sites and applications • Ability to find content • Syndication • Personalisation • Recommendation engines • Pervasive state for users across applications Tuesday, 8th June 2004

  28. Thank you Questions or comments? Margaret Hanley mairead@yahoo.com Tuesday, 8th June 2004

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