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A Longitudinal Look at the Post-High School Experiences of Youth With Disabilities

A Longitudinal Look at the Post-High School Experiences of Youth With Disabilities. Findings From the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Renee Cameto, Ph.D. SRI International Secondary Transition State Planning Institute: Building for the Future Charlotte, North Carolina

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A Longitudinal Look at the Post-High School Experiences of Youth With Disabilities

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  1. A Longitudinal Look at the Post-High School Experiences of Youth With Disabilities Findings From the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Renee Cameto, Ph.D.SRI International Secondary Transition State Planning Institute: Building for the Future Charlotte, North Carolina May 20, 2010

  2. NLTS2 overview NLTS2 has been funded with federal funds from the U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, under contract number ED-01-CO-0003. The content of this presentation does not necessarily reflect the view or policies of the U.S. Department of Education, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

  3. Data sources • Parent telephone interviews • Youth telephone interviews/survey • NLTS2 Waves 2 through 5 (2003, 2005, 2007, 2009) • Wave 5 responses for youth who have been out of high school up to 8 years • Ages 21 through 26

  4. Today’s agenda • Review trends in outcomes of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years regarding: • High school completion • Postsecondary education • Employment • Participation in postsecondary school, work, or preparation for work • Independent living and childbearing or fathering • Criminal justice system involvement • Describe outcome differences related to: • Gender • Race/ethnicity • High school completion status • Describe outcomes for youth in the high-incidence categories of learning disability, mental retardation, and emotional disturbance

  5. High School Completion

  6. High school completion by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  7. Participation in high school equivalency programs by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years who left high school without finishing, by year NOTE: Data on completion not available for 2003.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  8. Postsecondary Education, Work, and Preparation for Work

  9. Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year Percent SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  10. Enrollment in postsecondary education by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year and type of school 18 Percentage ever enrolled since high school SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  11. Youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years who were postsecondary school leavers who earned a diploma, license, or certificate, by type of school Previous enrollees who earned a diploma/license/certificate : Any postsecondary school Vocational/technical/business school 2-year college 4-year college/university Percent SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  12. Employment of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year Percent NOTE: Percentage employed ever since high school not available for 2003. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  13. Full-time work by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year Percent SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  14. Mean hourly wage of employed youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  15. Participation in postsecondary education, paid employment, or job training of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  16. Living Arrangements and Childbearing or Fathering

  17. Living arrangements of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year NOTE: Living Independently is on one’s own or with a spouse; living semi-independently is in a dorm, military housing, or a job-related living facility; living not independently is with a family member other than a spouse, in foster care or a group home, or in a medical, mental health, criminal justice or other facility. Percentages of independent and semi-independent living not available for 2003. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  18. Childbearing or fathering by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year NOTE: Question asked only of or about youth age 16 or older. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  19. Criminal Justice System Involvement

  20. Criminal justice system involvement of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by year 17 16 15 Percentage ever involved since high school SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2 through 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009.

  21. Gender Differences in Postschool Outcomes

  22. High school completion and equivalency program participation by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by gender SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  23. Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by gender Ever attended since high school: SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  24. Youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years who were postsecondary school leavers and earned a diploma, license, or certificate, by gender Previous enrollees earned degree/license/certificate from: SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  25. Employment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by gender Percentage who: ** p < .01; * p < .05. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  26. Participation in postsecondary education, paid employment, or job training by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by gender *p < .05 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  27. Independent living and childbearing or fathering by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by gender ***p < .001. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  28. Criminal justice system involvement by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by gender Youth had ever been: ***p < .001, **p < .01. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  29. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Postschool Outcomes

  30. High school completion and equivalency program participation by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by race/ethnicity SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  31. Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by race/ethnicity Ever attended since high school: SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  32. Youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years who were postsecondary school leavers who earned a diploma, license, or certificate, by race/ethnicity Previous enrollees earned diploma/license/ certificate from: * * p < .05 comparing White and African American youth. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  33. Employment of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by race/ethnicity Percentage who: ** p < .01 comparing White and African American youth; * p < .05 comparing White and Hispanic youth. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  34. Participation in postsecondary education, paid employment, or job training by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by race/ethnicity SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  35. Independent living and childbearing or fathering by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by race/ethnicity *p < .05 comparing White and African American youth. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  36. Criminal justice system involvement by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by race/ethnicity Youth had ever been: SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  37. Postschool Outcomes for Youth With Learning Disabilities, Mental Retardation, or Emotional Disturbances

  38. High school completion and equivalency program participation by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 8 years Note: There were too few students who had enrolled in a high school equivalency program to report separately the subgroup who had completed in each disability category. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  39. Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 8 years, by type of school Ever attended since high school: Any postsecondary, *** p < .001 compared with youth with learning disabilities or emotional disturbances; business school and 2-year college, *** p < .001 and ** p < .01 compared with youth with mental retardation; 4-year college, **p < .01 and * p < .05 compared with youth with learning disabilities. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  40. Youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 8 years who were postsecondary school leavers who earned a diploma, license, or certificate Previous enrollees who earned diploma/license/certificate from: NOTE: There are too few youth with mental retardation who had enrolled in a 4-year college/university to report completion rates for them. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  41. Employment of youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 8 years Percentage who: Ever worked, worked full time, wage, ***p < .001 compared with youth with learning disabilities and emotional disturbances; worked at time of interview, ***p < .001 and **p < .01 compared with youth with learning disabilities. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) ,Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  42. Participation in postsecondary education, employment, or job training of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by race/ethnicity Ever engaged, *** p < .001 compared with youth with learning disabilities or emotional disturbances; engaged at time of interview, *** p < .001 compared with youth with learning disabilities, ** p < .01 compared with youth with emotional disturbance, * p < .05 compared with youth with mental retardation. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009. 42

  43. Independent living and childbearing or fathering by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to8 years *** p < .001 comparing youth with learning disabilities and those with mental retardation. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  44. Criminal justice system involvement by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 8 years Youth had ever been: Stopped by police, *** p < .001 comparing youth with learning disabilities and mental retardation, also comparing youth with emotional disturbances with those with mental retardation and with learning disabilities; arrested, ** p < .01 compared with youth with mental retardation and *** p < .001 compared with youth with learning disabilities and those with mental retardation; incarcerated and probation/parole, *** p < .001 compared with youth with learning disabilities and those with mental retardation.. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  45. Postschool Outcomes by School Completion Status

  46. Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by school completion status Ever attended since high school: *** p < .001; * p < .05.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  47. Youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years who were postsecondary school leavers who earned a diploma, license, or certificate, by school-leaving status Previous enrollees earned degree/license/certificate from: ***p < .01 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  48. Employment of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by high schoolcompletion status Percent who: *** p < .001. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  49. Participation in postsecondary education, paid employment, or job training by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by high school completion status *** p < .001, * p < .05. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

  50. Independent living and childbearing or fathering by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 8 years, by high school completion status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 5 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2009.

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