Expressing Preferences in Different Structures

9 класс К учебнику Laser B+

Мы также можем использовать слово prefer в следующих конструкциях для выражения предпочтения: prefer + -ing form + to + -ing form (общее предпочтение)I prefer reading books to reading magazines. (Я предпочитаю читать книги чтению журналов) prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (общее предпочтение) I prefer to watch documentaries rather than (watch) comedies. (Я предпочитаю смотреть документальные фильмы просмотру комедий)

prefer + noun + to + noun (общее предпочтение)Peter prefers The Times to the Daily Mirror. (Петр предпочитает газету The Times газете the Daily Mirror)would prefer + full Infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (особое предпочтение) a) I'd prefer to skate rather than ski. (Я бы предпочел покататься на коньках, чем на лыжах) b) I'd prefer to have water rather than (have) Sprite. (Я бы предпочел выпить воду, чем (выпить) Sprite)

had better и would rather Hadbetter– это совет Wouldrather– результат предпочтения, выбор I would rather walk. – Я, пожалуй, пройдусь пешком. В отрицательных конструкциях перед смысловым глаголом ставится not, вспомогательный глагол do не используется. You had better not eat so much sweets. – Лучше ты не ешь так много конфет. I would rather not go to work. – Я предпочел бы не идти на работу.

Конструкция wouldrather может использоваться в сочетании с союзом than I wouldratherdrivethantravelbytriain. – Я бы лучше поехал на машине, чем на поезде. В ситуациях, когда кто-то хочет, чтобы другой что-то сделал , смысловой глагол всегда будет стоять в прошедшем времени, как в отрицательной, так и в утвердительной конструкции : I wouldratheryoudidtheshoppingyourself– Я бы предпочел, чтобы ты сам сделал покупки. Doyoumindif I smoke? — I wouldratheryoudidn’t. – Вы не возражаете, если я закурю? — Лучше не курите. В разговорной речи обе эти конструкции существуют в сокращенных формах I’drather… и you’dbetter …

Translate into English using «had better or would rather». 1. Нам лучше взять зонтик — может пойти дождь. 2. Лучше бы (Я бы предпочел) ты не помогал тому человеку. 3. Я предпочел бы, чтоб мы остались сегодня дома. 4. Вам лучше сходить в научный музей. 5. Ему лучше остановиться и отдохнуть, если он устал.

6. Сейчас слишком поздно, поэтому я, пожалуй, возьму такси, нежели пойду домой пешком. 7. Детям лучше играть во дворе. 8. Не приходи сегодня вечером. Как по мне, так лучше завтра. 9. Лучше бы ты не делал этого на выходных. 10. Ты бы предпочел слушать или рассказывать историю?

We’d better take an umbrella — it may rain. • I would rather you didn’t help the man. • I would rather we stayed at home today. • You’d better go to the science museum. • He’d better stop and have a rest if he feels tired.

6. Now it’s too late so I’d rather take a taxi than walk home. 7. The children had better play in the yard. 8. Don’t come tonight. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 9. I’d rather you didn't do that this weekend. 10. Would you rather listen or tell the story?

I don’t like the idea of working for somebody else. rather I would rather work for myself.

1 John is more interested in studying photography than design. prefers John ______________________________ design. 2 You should decide on your course quickly. better You ______________________________ make your mind up about your course soon. 3 My mum doesn’t like working in a bank. rather My mum ______________________________ work in a bank. 4 That’s a really bad idea. had You ______________________________ do that. 5 Most people think it’s better to have a job than to be unemployed. prefer The majority of people ______________________________ work than to be unemployed. 6 I don’t really want to leave home to go to university. would I ______________________________ home to go to university.

Exercise 5 1 prefers studying photography to 2 had better 3 would rather not 4 had better not 5 (would) prefer to 6 would rather not leave / would prefer not to leave

В общем случае после глагола сначала идет непрямое дополнение, затем прямое. То есть порядок слов имеет вид Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object. Непрямое дополнение можно также ставить в конце, заменяя его предложной группой с toили for. I gave Cole the keys (= I gave the keys to Cole). Я дал ключи Коулу.We bought Rachel a present (= We bought a present for Rachel). Мы купили Рэйчел подарок.Don’t bring me pizzas anymore (= Don’t bring pizzas to me …). Не приноси мне больше пиццу.

Предлог forмы используем для build, buy, call, choose, cook, do, find, get, keep, leave, make, save. С остальными глаголами идет предлог to.

Следующие глаголы встречаются только в форме Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object. ask cost allow refuse charge wish We asked him a question (Неправильно:We asked a question to him). Мы задали ему вопрос.Mark said he was taking his exam this afternoon. I wished him good luck.Марк сказал, что сдает экзамен сегодня днем. Я пожелал ему удачи.These jeans cost me twenty pounds. Эти джинсы обошлись мне в двадцать фунтов.They allowed their children greater freedom. Они дали своим детям больше свободы.

Глаголы-исключения (Verb + Direct Object + to + Indirect Object) • Carry • Prove • Describe • Repeat • Explain • Report • Introduce • Say • Mention • Suggest

She said goodbye to me (Неправильно:She said me goodbye). Она попрощалась со мной.Explain your decision to us, please.Пожалуйста, объясните нам ваше решение.Jane carried the money to her friend. Джейн отнесла деньги своему другу.We couldn’t prove anything to the police. Мы не смогли ничего доказать полиции.

Decide whether the words in bold are subjects, direct objects or indirect objects • She sent her friend an email . • Sally will help you with your housework. • Where did you put the keys? • He gave them a bag full of money. • Alice wrote a book on the French revolution. • I need your help. • He offered her a flower. • My father bought us a new TV set. • John sold me his car. • I wish you good luck

Identify the subject, the direct object, and the indirect object or the object of the preposition in each sentence.Example: Our teacher gave us some work to do.subject: _____teacher________ / direct object: ___work_______ / indirect object: ______us_______ 1. We sent a package to our relatives in Iowa. subject: _________________ / direct object: ____________________ / object of the preposition: _________________ 2. He told his parents a lie. subject: _________________ / direct object: ____________________ / indirect object: ___________________ 3. Please hand me the remote control for the TV. subject: _________________ / direct object: ____________________ / indirect object: ___________________ 4. Tina is making dinner for us. subject: _________________ / direct object: ____________________ / object of the preposition: _________________ 5. Our boss is buying us dinner. subject: _________________ / direct object: ____________________ / indirect object: ___________________

0 The company gave ___–__ the manager a present for his services. 1 Give the report __________ Mr Brown, please. 2 Victoria Branston explained the secrets of her successful career __________ the audience. 3 His parents cannot possibly lend __________ him £10,000 because they simply don’t have much money. 4 John’s bought a brand new computer __________ his office. 5 Anne will be away for a few days so don’t send __________ her any emails till the end of the week. 6 The boss bought some flowers __________ his secretary. It’s a way of telling her she’s doing a great job. 7 Arnold made a promise __________ his employer not to be late again. 8 He cooked dinner __________ her to celebrate her promotion. 9 He’s already damaged my new CD player. No, I’ll never lend it __________ him again.

Question Tags A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag. Jack is from Spain, isn't he? Mary can speak English, can't she? A negative statement is followed by a positive question tag. They aren't funny, are they? He shouldn't say things like that, should he?

When the verb in the main sentence is in the present simple we form the question tag with do / does. • You playthe guitar, don't you? • Alison likestennis, doesn't she? • If the verb is in the past simple we use did. • They went to the cinema, didn't they? • She studied in New Zealand, didn't she?

Exceptions Some verbs / expressions have different question tags. For example: I am - I am attractive, aren't I? Positive imperative - Stop daydreaming, will / won't you? Negative imperative - Don't stop singing, will you? Let's - Let's go to the beach, shall we? Have got (possession) - He has got a car, hasn't he? There is / are - There aren't any spiders in the bedroom, are there? This / that is - This is Paul's pen, isn't it?

1 Someone who can’t stop shopping. _______________ 2 A piece of paper from the bank which you can use instead of money. _______________ 3 A piece of paper the cashier gives you every time you pay. _______________ 4 You can order products which you receive by post from a _______________. 5 A plastic card you can use to pay if you don’t have cash. _______________ 6 A product at an unusually low price. _______________

1 Let’s buy her a gift, 2 You didn’t actually pay that much, 3 You have brought your credit card, 4 Don’t forget the receipt, 5 They were lucky to get the house so cheaply, 6 You haven’t used up all your pocket money, 7 Mary really likessillyhats, 8 Prices keep going up, 9 You had the money in your purse when you left, 10 That wasn’t a very successful shopping trip,

Although and even though have a similar meaning to despite and in spite of. We use all of these words to say that a thing is surprising, unusual or unexpected in relation to another thing. This is called concession. While the meaning of these words is similar, there is a difference in how we use them. Although and even though are conjunctions. They have the same meaning. Even though is a little stronger than although. We use these structures: although + a clause even though + a clause We decided to buy the house even though we didn’t really have enough money. You keep making that stupid noise even though I’ve asked you to stop three times

In spite of / despiteAfter in spite of and despite we use a noun or a pronoun. We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of the rain. Despite the pain in his leg he completed the marathon. Despite having all the necessary qualifications, they didn’t offer me the job. Remember that the gerund (‘-ing’ form) is the ‘noun’ form of a verb.The only difference between in spite of and despiteis the ‘of’. We can use in spite of and despitewith a subject and verb if we include the expression ‘the fact that’. In spite of the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam. Despite the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.

Despite and in spite of are prepositions, and have the same meaning. They are used with these structures: • despite /in spite of + noun • despite /in spite of + ing • despite /in spite of + the fact (that) + clause

John is writing a letter, ? • She walks home from school, ? • The children are sitting in the garden, ? • You have cleaned your bike, ? • John and Max don't like maths, ? • Peter played handball yesterday, ? • Mary didn't do her homework last Monday, ? • He could have bought a new car, ? • Kevin will come tonight, ? • I'm clever, ?

Despite of the bad weather, there was a large crowd at the match.

Jack washed his hands. Granny didn't give him a banana. (although) • I was driving at 160 kilometers an hour. I arrived late. (even though) • The singer forgot the lines. The concert was a great success. (despite) • I didn't hear my alarm clock. It rang three times. (even though) • The street musician played for five hours. He earned only 300 rubles. (in spite) • He plays the piano very well. He can't sing at all (вообщенеумеетпеть) (although) • She is a very unhappy woman. She has a rich husband. (despite)

Keys • Although Jack washed his hands, Granny didn't give him a banana. • Even though I was driving at 160 kilometers an hour, I arrived late. • The concert was a great success despite the fact that the singer forgot the lines. • Even though my alarm clock rang three times, I didn't hear it. • The street musician earned only 300 rubles in spite of playing for five hours. • He can't sing at all even though he plays the piano very well. • She is a very unhappy woman despite having a rich husband.

1 She hasn’t got much money but she spends a lot buying clothes. even She spends a lot buying clothes ________________________________________ got much money. 2 The price was high but I decided to buy it. spite I decided to buy it ________________________________________ high price. 3 Although the car was a bargain, I decided not to buy it. fact Despite ________________________________________ was a bargain, I decided not to buy it. 4 Even though I complained, they did not replace the torn jacket. complaints Despite ________________________________________ did not replace the torn jacket. 5 In spite of the high prices, the shop is very popular because of its high-quality products. has Although ________________________________________ prices, the shop is popular because of its high-quality products.

Keys 1 even though she hasn't 2 in spite of the 3 the fact that the car 4 my complaints, they 5 it has high

Choose the correct answer. 0 You should know your rights as a consumer / shopaholic. 1 I love looking round second-hand / catalogue clothes shops. 2 That house is for payment / sale. 3 The company asks for payment on condition / delivery. 4 George paid the receipt/ bill for the meal with his cash card. 5 You should always try on / rent clothes before you buy them. 6 If you don’t like it when you get home, take it out / back to the shop. 7 Don’t buy electrical goods without a guarantee / condition. 8 A lot of people choose clothes that have a famous brand name / credit card. 9 You can get almost anything in this assistant / department store.

Choose the correct answer. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 I haven’t been to the pool for years despite / although I like swimming. 1 You’d prefer /better talk to your mum before you decide. 2 Let’s all go camping, let’s not / shall we? 3 She has already worked / had already worked in three jobs before she was twenty. 4 I wonder if you could/ could you tell me when the ship leaves. 5 Although / In spite of his efforts, he couldn’t find work as a journalist. 6 Ken has acted / had been acting in the theatre for years before he became famous. 7 If we don’t leave soon, the shops will have closed / will have been closing. 8 She hasn’t forgotten her ticket, has / did she? 9 I prefer / would rather go on a cruise than go sailing.

Exercise 4 1 better 2 shall we 3 had already had 4 you could 5 In spite of 6 had been acting 7 will have closed 8 has 9 would rather

5 Complete the sentences using the correct word or phrase in the box. There is an example at the beginning (0). part-time bargain call guided tour pollution qualifications recycling package holiday 0 He received a ___call___ from his aunt late last night. 1 The ____________________ I booked included accommodation and the air tickets. 2 The price is extremely low. Let’s buy it. It’s a ____________________. 3 She went on a ____________________ of the area because she wanted to know more about its history. 4 ____________________ is a cheap way to reduce the amount of rubbish in the world. 5 ____________________ destroys the environment and makes our life miserable. 6 I am afraid you don’t have the necessary ____________________ for the job. 7 She works ____________________ because she’s a student and needs time to study.

Exercise 5 1 package holiday 2 bargain 3 guided tour 4 Recycling 5 Pollution 6 qualifications 7 part-time

6 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 It was foggy and he couldn’t make __out__ the shape of the ship. 1 Look __________! There’s a thief about. 2 I just like to relax when I’m __________ holiday. 3 You’ll never succeed __________ doing anything if you give up so easily. 4 My dad insists __________ recycling everything. 5 Last year, George went __________ a diet while he was at his summer camp. 6 Please turn your mobiles __________ so they won’t ring when you’re in class. 7 Greenpeace hand __________ leaflets to inform the public of local environmental issues. 8 My school is involved __________ a campaign to save electricity.

Exercise 6 1 out 2 on 3 in 4 on 5 on 6 off 7 out 8 in

7 Complete the text using the correct form of the words in brackets. There is an example at the beginning (0). Ever heard of the word shopaholic? I don’t know if there’s a scientific (0) ___explanation___ (explain) but I can give you mine. Whenever I go (1) _______________, (shop) I find dozens of (2) _______________ (assist) ready to help me reach a (3) _______________ (decide). The (4) _______________ (choose) is difficult because there are so many (5) _______________ (produce) of all sizes and shapes. The problem is that I don’t have the (6) _______________ (strong) to say no and I buy everything without any second (7) _______________ (think). As you’ve (8) _______________ (understand), I am the ideal (9) _______________ (consume) for every shop owner. In fact, I am the perfect (10) _______________ (custom)!

Exercise 7 1 shopping 2 assistants 3 decision 4 choice 5 products 6 strength 7 thought(s) 8 understood 9 consumer 10 customer

Write the male/female equivalent. 1 stepfather.............., 2 brother-in-law ........., 3 nephew ........, 4 half-sister..........., 5 mother-in-law..........., 6 grandson........., 7 great-grandfather............., 8 ex-husband 9 widow............, 10 twin sister..........,

like – нравится • care for – заботиться • love — любить • hate -ненавидеть • enjoy — наслаждаться • prefer — предпочитать • adore – обожать, боготворить • dislike – не нравится • admire– восхищаться • detest – презирать • respect – уважать и др. • contain – вкслючать, содержать в себе • resemble – иметь сходство, напоминать • appear — оказаться possess – иметь во владении • include – включать в себя belong — принадлежать consist – состоять (из чего-либо) • deserve — заслуживать involve – втягивать, вовлекать • lack – не хватать • depend — зависеть • concern – затрагивать, касаться, волновать need — нуждаться

know — знать • believe — верить • notice — замечать • realize – осознавать • forget — забывать • remember — помнить • recognize– узнавать • think -думать (иметь мнение), верить • expect – в значении думать • understand — понимать • see — в значении понимать • seem– казаться • mean – иметь в виду, означать

an __friendly look • an __interesting book • an __natural colour • an __important task • an __possible answer • an __personal letter • an __definite article • an __correct answer • __direct speech • an __regular verb • an __responsible person

an unfriendly look • an uninteresting book • an unnatural colour • an unimportant task • an impossible answer • an impersonal letter • an indefinite article • an incorrect answer • indirect speech • an irregular verb • an irresponsible person

Expressing Preferences in Different Structures