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Exploring Psychology: Understanding the Mind & Behavior

Delve into the world of psychology, the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Explore its six approaches: Psychoanalytical, Behavioral, Humanistic, Cognitive, Neurobiological, and Sociocultural. Learn about the early foundations laid by Wilhelm Wundt and the various professions in psychology. Uncover how unconscious motives, environmental stimuli, cognitive processes, and societal influences shape human behavior.

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Exploring Psychology: Understanding the Mind & Behavior

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  1. Introducing Psychology Define psychology & identify its six approaches.

  2. Overview • People have always wondered about the mysteries of the mind. • Early 18th century acquired its literal meaning, “the study of the mind.” • Psychology – the scientific study of behavior and mental processes • Philosophy • Physiology

  3. Wilhelm Wundt • 1832-1920 • Founder of psychology • The scientific study of conscious experience • Consciousness – the awareness of immediate experience

  4. Psychology as a Profession • Clinical Psychologist – diagnoses & treats people with emotional disturbances • Counseling Psychologist – helps people deal with problems of living in everyday life • Psychiatry – a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

  5. Behavior • Observable Behaviors • Unobservable Behaviors

  6. Psychoanalytical • Studies how unconscious motives & conflicts determine behavior • Unconscious –thoughts, memories, & desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but exert great influence on behavior • Free association Sigmund Freud 

  7. Behavioral • Analyze how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment • Nature vs. nurture • People are controlled by their environment, not by themselves Stimulus – any detectable input from the environment Ivan Pavlov 

  8. Behavioral (continued) • “Organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes, & they tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes.” B.F. Skinner 

  9. Humanistic • Believe each person has freedom in directing his or her future & achieving personal growth • Behavior is not the result of the unconscious or environmental stimuli

  10. Cognitive • Study how we process, store, retrieve, & use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior • Behavior is influenced by a variety of mental processes, including perceptions, memories, & expectations Jean Piaget 

  11. Neurobiological • Study how physical & chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

  12. Sociocultural • Study the influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior

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