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I. Anthophyte

I. Anthophyte. II. Angiosperms as a Separate Group. Three unrooted trees showing the relationships among the Gnetales (blue), Conifers (Green), Ginkgo&Cycads(Coral) and Angiosperms (fuschia).

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I. Anthophyte

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  1. I. Anthophyte II. Angiosperms as a Separate Group

  2. Three unrooted trees showing the relationships among the Gnetales (blue),Conifers (Green),Ginkgo&Cycads(Coral) and Angiosperms (fuschia). Bowe et al. 2000. Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers PNAS 97: 4092-4097.

  3. Bootstrap Value = 92 Bootstrap Value = 83 Tree based on Phytochrome A and Phytochrome C. Note high bootstrap values for Amborella as basal (Matthews and Donoghue, 1999).

  4. Qiu et al.’s Tree (Nature, 25 November 1999) Based on 5 - genes 2-mitochondrial 2-plastid 1-nuclear Magnoliids Basal Angiosperms Illiciales Nymphaeales Bootstrap Value = 100 Amborella

  5. Barkman et al. 6-gene tree (PNAS 2000).

  6. 9-gene tree Barkman et al. 2000

  7. Barkman et al. comparison of bootstrap values for Root A (Amborella and Nymphaeales) vs Root B (Amborella alone). Dark bars are noise-reduced; open are raw data.

  8. Amborella alone is in the basal clade Amborella and Nymphaeales share the basal clade Support Leans Towards a Shared Clade

  9. Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups These 3 groups are unresolved

  10. 4 Main Angiosperm Groups Shown on Qiu’s Tree 4. Eudicots- the largest group 2. Magnoliids 3. Monocots 1. Basal Angiosperms

  11. + =Illiciales (Trimeniaceae, Amborella) Amborella is native to New Caledonia The ANITA group is mostly Australasian.

  12. Amborellales Amborellaceae Amborella

  13. AmborellaFlowering Branch Amborella branch- evergreen, simple, alternate leaves with wavy edges www.ucsc.edu/currents/99-00/art/ amborella.flr.99-08-30.jpg

  14. Amborella male flower-note “leaf-like” stamens with a thick filament that are spirally arranged. Amborella is dioecious. www.ucsc.edu/currents/99-00/art/ amborella.flr.99-08-30.jpg

  15. Amborella Female Flowers Carpels The “stamen”-like structures are staminodes. www.botany.org/newsite/publications/ajb/2004coverStories.php

  16. Nymphaeales Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea

  17. Nymphaeaceae the “N” of the ANITA groups. Note: Radial symmetry, aquatic habit, palmate venation. We have two local species of Nymphaea

  18. Victoria amazonica, Amazon Water Lily, Nymphaeaceae

  19. Note many flower parts, radial symmetry http://www.mobot.org/manual.plantas/foto/Nymphaea.jpg

  20. fused carpels, stigmas radiate from a circular disk Stamens with wide- “leaf-like” filament.

  21. Stamens Stigmas Ovary

  22. Note several locules (chambers) in the ovary

  23. Nymphaeales Nymphaeaceae Nuphar

  24. Nuphar the other main genus of the Nymphaeaceae found in the NE- note radial symmetry, blade like filaments, fused carpels. We have 1-3 local species of Nuphar.

  25. Rhizomes of Nuphar with leaf scars and adventitious roots. These would grow in the substrate under water.

  26. http://www.kv.geo.uu.se/pollen/N/Nuphar.html Nuphar lutea (Nymphaeaceae) pollen Monosulcate Pollen

  27. Nuphar Embryo Sac Recall that Nuphar female gametophytes have only one nucleus in their central cell and lack the antipodal cells entirely-- making their embryo sac only 4-celled!! sy = synergids cc = central cell nucleus e = egg (behind synergids)

  28. Illiciales Illiciaceae Illicium

  29. phylogeny.arizona.edu Illiciaceae - “I” of ANITA Illicium sp. Star Anise http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/library/kohler/1761_021.jpg Note: radial symmetry, woody, mostly unfused flower parts http://www.fleischlos.de/assets/images/sternanis.gif

  30. Illicium religiosum http://www3.justnet.ne.jp/~goostake/SIKIMIX.JPG

  31. Star anise developing fruit and mature fruits

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