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Effects of Soil Compaction and Macropores on Water Infiltration Rates

Effects of Soil Compaction and Macropores on Water Infiltration Rates. By Lanre Adekola. Problems. Soil becomes hard like concrete when construction equipment is driven repeatedly over soil There is a decrease in vegetative growth Poor infiltration rates lead to runoff Nitrates Phosphates

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Effects of Soil Compaction and Macropores on Water Infiltration Rates

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  1. Effects of Soil Compaction and Macropores on Water Infiltration Rates By Lanre Adekola

  2. Problems • Soil becomes hard like concrete when construction equipment is driven repeatedly over soil • There is a decrease in vegetative growth • Poor infiltration rates lead to runoff • Nitrates • Phosphates • Oils and greases • Salts from ice removal

  3. Study Site: Lake Minnetonka Regional Park

  4. Methods: Infiltration Rates Modified Philip-Dunne Infiltrometer (MPD)

  5. Methods: Laying out Study Area

  6. Goals: Compaction Study • To determine the soil type at the study site

  7. Methods Determining Soil Type

  8. Methods Determining Soil Type

  9. Methods Determining Soil Type CaCO3 Content

  10. Results for Soil Type • Sandy Loam • Brown, R. B. "Soil Texture." Electronic Data Information Source. 2008. University of Florida. 6 Oct. 2008 <http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss169>.

  11. Goals: Compaction Study • To determine the soil type at the study site • To measure infiltration rates of the compacted soil

  12. Results: Infiltration vs. Frequency

  13. Results: Infiltration Rates

  14. Comparison with Rain Garden Infiltration

  15. Comparison with Rain Garden Infiltration Lake Minnetonka has 3.5 times worse infiltration Rates

  16. Goals: Compaction Study • To determine the soil type at the study site • To measure infiltration rates of the compacted soil • To determine how water infiltration is affected by bulk density

  17. Methods: Bulk Density

  18. Methods: Soil Sampling Positions

  19. Methods: Bulk Density Samples

  20. Results: Bulk Density

  21. Comparison of Compaction Levels vs. Soil Type (Shestak et al. 2005) Shestak, C. J. and M. D. Busse. "Compaction Alters Physical but not Biological ices of Soil Health." Soil Society of America (2005): 236-46.

  22. Comparison of Compaction Levels vs. Soil Type (Shestak et al. 2005) Shestak, C. J. and M. D. Busse. "Compaction Alters Physical but not Biological ices of Soil Health." Soil Society of America (2005): 236-46.

  23. Comparison of Compaction Levels vs. Soil Type (Shestak et al. 2005) Minnetonka Regional Park = 1.477 g/cm3 Shestak, C. J. and M. D. Busse. "Compaction Alters Physical but not Biological ices of Soil Health." Soil Society of America (2005): 236-46.

  24. Definition of Macropore • Pockets of air found in soil that may influence infiltration • Caused by earthworms and hollowed tree roots • Jury, W. A. and Horton, R. Soil Physics. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hobeken, New Jersey, 2004

  25. Goals: Macropore Study • Design and create macropore simulators

  26. Methods: Macropore Simulator

  27. Goals: Macropore Study • Design and create macropore simulators • Determine how number of macropores affects infiltration rates

  28. Methods: Devices Used for Macropores 5 cm diameter MPD Minidisk Infiltrometer Moisture Content Device

  29. Results: Macropore Averages

  30. Results: Macropore Averages

  31. Limitations • Presence of rocks and macropores in soil at Lake Minnetonka may have affected infiltration • Presence of small trees and shaded areas affected infiltration • Time between macropore flood tests varied, affecting drying rate of soil • Size and number of macropores may have produced unreliable results

  32. Conclusion • Soil compaction is directly related to poor water infiltration • Poor infiltration is leading to runoff • In the absence of macropores, infiltration rates at Lake Minnetonka could be even worse

  33. Future Work • Tilling/aerating • Composting • Testing water for chemical content, before and after tilling/aerating and composting

  34. Acknowledgments Dr. Gulliver Nick Olsen Greta Schmalle Science Research Class Mrs. Fruen

  35. Effects of Soil Compaction and Macropores on Water Infiltration Rates By Lanre Adekola

  36. Results for Soil Type • Sandy Loam http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss169

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