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Off-Axis Liquid Scintillator Detector

Off-Axis Liquid Scintillator Detector. Leon Mualem University of Minnesota FNAL February 2004. Module Manifold. manifold. 60 wls fibers. Optical connection above liquid level. 30 cells. Vertical module. 30 cells. Horizontal module. End seal. Scintillator and Wavelength Shifting Fiber.

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Off-Axis Liquid Scintillator Detector

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  1. Off-Axis Liquid Scintillator Detector Leon Mualem University of Minnesota FNAL February 2004

  2. Module Manifold manifold 60 wls fibers Optical connection above liquid level 30 cells Vertical module 30 cells Horizontal module End seal

  3. Scintillator and Wavelength Shifting Fiber ( 2 x MINOS) • Scintillator Element Length 48 ft • Sufficient light output with single ended readout (U loop) • Good shipping length • Good event containment • Good assembly unit • Scintillator Material • Liquid • Bicron 517 L 4 cm x 3 cm • WLS Fiber • Kuraray 0.8 mm diameter • U loop • Photodetector • APD 400,000 m2 ( 16 x MINOS) 600,000 channels ( 30 x MINOS)

  4. Measurement of Long Fiber Light Transmission Attenuation in 1.2 mm WLS fiber (bialkali photocathode) 10 1 Light output (pe/MIP) Spectra from 1.2 mm WLS fiber at 0.5, 1, 2 ,4, 8, 16 m 0.1 600 0 5 10 15 20 Distance (m) 500 400 300 Relative intensity 200 100 0 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm)

  5. Spectrum from fiber Region of interest gain = 100

  6. WLS Fiber Attenuation – APD vs PMT Relative Light Yield Length in cm WLS Fiber Diameter Light yield ~ r

  7. Photon Economics Based on Measurements • .95 pe/mip @ 15 m with 1.2 mm fiber with MINOS scintillator (1 cm) and pmt • 10.6 pe @ 15 m with 1.2 mm fiber with MINOS scintillator and APD(1.4x spectrum, 8x QE at peak) • 42.5 pe @ 15 m with 1.2 mm fiber U loop, APD with MINOS scintillator • 28 pe @ 15 m with 0.8 mm fiberU, APD with MINOS scintillator • 42 pe @ 15 m with 0.8 mmfiber U, APD with liquid scintillator(3 cm x 4 cm cell gives photons produced, 1.5x geometry)

  8. Solid MIP 28 pe x 100 gain = 2800 electrons Noise 350 electrons (amplifier) 100 electrons (APD) S/N = 7.7 Solid Scintillator Response Calculation at 48 ft. noise 1 mip 2 mip number Pulse height APD cooled to 0oC MASDA chip Photon Statistics Liquid MIP 42 pe x 100 gain = 4200 electrons Noise 350 electrons (amplifier) 100 electrons (APD) S/N = 10

  9. PrototypeBoard 32 Ch. APD Array MASDA Integrator ADC CPLD clock/readout

  10. Fit to noise showing Tails…there aren’t any ~1day of beam live time Gaussian width 540e-

  11. Noise vs. Voltage by temp.

  12. Noise vs. Voltage by temp. (zoomed)

  13. Gain vs. Voltage by temp.

  14. Gain vs. Voltage by temp. (zoomed)

  15. Noise vs. Temp (M=100)

  16. Noise vs. Temp (M=100) (zoomed) Noise with 2us integration time Power at –15oC 7Watts Power at –29oC 15Watts

  17. Results • APD/Electronics tests show system can be sufficiently quiet. Improvement expected by simply reducing amplifier input capacitance. • Test system achieves ~600e- noise at M=100 and T=-10oC • Expected light yield for 14.4m modules with 0.8mm fiber 4200 electrons.

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