Successful Power Monitoring is a Process Michael Daish Vice President Sales Summit Technology Inc.

1. Successful Power Monitoring is a ProcessMichael DaishVice President SalesSummit Technology Inc.

2. Power Monitoring is a Process • Introduction • Why is monitoring a process? • What are the tasks? • Why studies go wrong • Choosing instrumentation • Data collection, retrieval, & analysis • Documentation & reports • Conclusions

3. Why is Power Monitoring a Process • Power studies have a beginning, middle, and end. • Connecting and set-up, correctly, safely • Measurement over time, logging • Analysis and Reports – the “end game” • Monitor is central to the process – data collection tool • Software tools complete the process, analysis, report

4. What do we want to accomplish? • Define the problem you want to solve, examples: “I need to add more loads – will my panels and circuits support the new additions?” “We need to reduce energy consumption – I need to perform an energy audit to evaluate energy savings opportunities.” “How are the energy savings measures we have implemented performing?” “This transformer is very hot – is it overloaded, or are high harmonics the cause?” “My (machine/process) is operating erratically – is power quality the cause?” “When the HVAC (or motor or other equipment) turns on the breaker trips.” “I’m commissioning a UPS and need to verify it’s performance.” “I want to perform regular diagnostics on our motors as part of a predictive maintenance program.” etc.

5. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Flicker 0.2% Harmonics 10% Log V&I 34% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% Power Study Tasks • Log V & I • Power & Energy • Power Quality – sags/swells • Power Quality – high-speed transients • Harmonics • Frequency • Flicker

6. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Flicker 0.2% Harmonics 10% Log V&I 34% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% Choosing Right Instrument

7. Instrument Types and Trends • Multiple vendors = choice difficult • Microelectronics progress = lower cost • More processing power • Lower cost memory = more storage • Variety of communications methods • Black-box, tablet, hand-held • PQ features added to permanently installed meters • Standards based or trouble-shooting

8. Instrument Types

9. Instrument Types

10. Instrument Types – Present

11. Why power studies go wrong! • Bad planning • Incorrect connections • Wrong set-up • Power cord or leads come off • Tampering

12. To Display or Not Display • Unattended long-term monitoring and logging does not require a display For long monitoring periods no one is looking at the monitor Analysis done off line Use PC as display for analysis and reports Good security – small size, less conspicuous • Attended short-term monitoring sometimes requires oscilloscope display Witness conditions as they occur Forcing events, changing of waveforms Usually during commissioning and set-up of equipment Poor security – video game

13. Safety Categories

14. Safety: Connecting Safely • CAT IV rating - highest level of transient overvoltage (8,000 V over voltage at 600 Vrms service) • Verifying connections by experience • Indicator lights – go, no go • Display – phasors, rotation, polarity, waveform • CT’s self-identify • Intelligence – SureStart checks all conditions

15. Waveform Capture

16. Spot Checks • LCD Meter display • Labeled buttons • Instant readings

17. Connection Check List Types of Errors that may be present One, two, or three voltages not connected One, two, or three currents not connected to source One, two, or three currents not connected to measuring system Two or three connections to the same voltage Two or three connections to the same current Voltages misidentified Currents misidentified One, two, or three current sensors backwards Two voltage connections switched Two current sensors switched All voltages rotated one position left All voltages rotated one position right All currents rotated one position left All currents rotated one position right One phase not present Two phases not present Three phases not present One phase offered as two or three phases One phase shorted to neutral or ground Two phases shorted to neutral or ground Neutral not connected to ground Non-standard voltage due to improper loading Non-standard voltage due to power system problem Non-standard frequency due to power system problem Non-standard phase shift between phases due to power system problem Combinations of the above listed errors

18. SureStart™ For Successful Studies • Algorithms check all voltage and current connections • Advises user of connection errors, setup

19. SafeConnect™ • Monitor power without exposure to high voltages • No need to wear special gloves, eye-protection, or flame-retardant clothing. • No need to power down. • No need to put up protective barriers or warnings. • Quick setup and teardown of monitoring sessions on live power. • No need to remove panels. • No need to deal with hooking up current probes in tight or inaccessible spaces. • Periodic maintenance measurements. • No switched phases, reversed probes, or dead channels. • Permanent connections means the data is right when you return 1 month later.

20. “The Mighty Hand-Held” • Power Logger • Power and Energy Analyzer • Power Quality and Harmonics • Motor Diagnostics PS250 PS2500 PS3000 PS3500 PS4000 PS4500

21. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Harmonics 10% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% “The Mighty Hand-Held” • Power Logger • Harmonics optional

22. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Harmonics 10% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% “The Mighty Hand-Held” • Power Logger • Power and Energy Analyzer

23. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Harmonics 10% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% “The Mighty Hand-Held” • Power Logger • Power and Energy Analyzer • Power Quality and Harmonics

24. Data Retrieval Methods • Serial cable RS 232 • Ethernet via serial-to-Ethernet converter • USB via serial-to-USB converter • Wireless - Bluetooth • SD Memory card (256KB – 2 GB)

25. Log V and I

26. Log Tabular Data – Export to Excel • * Start Start Van Vbn Vcn Ia Ib Ic Wa Wb Wc VAa VAb VAc PFa PFb PFc Freq • * Date Time Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg • 7/18/2002 11:33:57 270.5 268.2 270.3 23.448 22.664 23.672 2835 2995 2980 6346.4 6080 6401.6 0.45 0.49 0.47 60 • 7/18/2002 11:33:58 270.7 268.2 270.1 24.656 23.128 24.32 3433 3222 3238 6675.2 6204 6566.4 0.51 0.52 0.49 59.9 • 7/18/2002 11:33:59 270.3 268 270.5 24.688 22.904 24.232 3473 3050 3235 6668.8 6139.2 6553.6 0.52 0.5 0.49 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:00 270.7 268.1 270.7 24.504 23.064 24.032 3339 3139 3097 6630.4 6184 6505.6 0.5 0.51 0.48 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:01 270.5 268 269.9 24.28 22.96 23.832 3217 3115 2939 6566.4 6154.4 6433.6 0.49 0.51 0.46 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:02 270.4 268.1 269.9 24.456 23.112 24.024 3346 3173 3062 6611.2 6197.6 6486.4 0.51 0.51 0.47 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:03 270.8 267.9 270.5 24.544 23.248 24 3365 3226 3019 6649.6 6230.4 6492 0.51 0.52 0.47 59.9 • 7/18/2002 11:34:04 270.4 268.4 270.7 24.776 23.36 24.136 3408 3178 3033 6700.8 6272 6536 0.51 0.51 0.46 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:05 270.7 268.6 270.8 24.624 23.032 24.2 3403 2996 3146 6668.8 6187.2 6553.6 0.51 0.48 0.48 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:06 270.4 268.2 269.9 24.56 22.904 24.184 3351 2987 3156 6643.2 6144 6529.6 0.5 0.49 0.48 59.9 • 7/18/2002 11:34:07 269.6 267.5 269.9 24.352 22.856 24.136 3262 3087 3033 6566.4 6114.4 6514.4 0.5 0.5 0.47 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:08 270.3 267.3 269.9 24.112 22.544 23.656 3212 3007 2890 6518.4 6028 6385.6 0.49 0.5 0.45 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:09 270.2 268.3 270.7 24.448 23.208 23.816 3277 3185 2900 6604.8 6228.8 6449.6 0.5 0.51 0.45 59.9 • 7/18/2002 11:34:10 271.1 268.5 271 24.416 23.4 23.992 3289 3256 3013 6617.6 6285.6 6503.2 0.5 0.52 0.46 60.1

27. Power and Energy

28. KWh

29. Harmonics

30. Harmonics

31. RMS Events Sags/Swells

32. Waveform Sags/Swells

33. RMS Events Current Inrush

34. High-Speed Transients

35. High voltage probes • High voltage probes for 5KV or 15 KV

36. Motor Current Signature Analysis • Evaluate motors while running • Rotor/armature health • Stator mechanical/electrical health • Field coil faults • Bearing health • Eccentricity • Loose connection problems • Induction, synchronous, DC, wound rotor and induction with VFD type motors.

37. Reports and Documentation • The “end game”! • Print individual graphs • Highlight peaks and behavior • Tabulate results – minimums, maximums, and averages • Filter results • Edit text and graphs • Wizard to compare two results surveys – “before and after!” • Save as pdf, doc etc.

38. Reports and Documentation Add labels to draw attention to behavior

39. Reports and Documentation Tables and graphs compiled automatically

40. Reports and Documentation Filter report

41. Reports and Documentation Comparing two studies

42. Reports and Documentation Comparing two studies

43. Safety: NFPA 70E Arc Flash Hazards

44. CAT IV and Bluetooth for Safety

45. Safety: Remote PDA Operation

46. Safety: Leaving monitor behind unattended

47. Conclusion • Power monitoring is a process • Connect correctly and safely • V & I data logging most common study • Energy analyzer addresses 60% of studies • Sags/swells are most common PQ problem • Harmonics and high-speed transients less significant • Display need depends on attended/unattended operation • New hand-held analyzers pack high performance • Options for high voltage, high freq noise, motor diagnostics • Report writer completes the job • NFPA 70E has changed electrical maintenance & testing • Bluetooth for remote control by PC or PDA