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Understanding Different Types of Hearing Loss

Learn about the two main types of hearing loss - conductive and sensorineural - and their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

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Understanding Different Types of Hearing Loss

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  1. 12.7: Types of Hearing Loss 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 65 Topic: 12.7: Types of Hearing Loss Essential Question: Which type of hearing loss will someone who listens to very loud music most likely suffer from? Text: 462 Which type of hearing loss will someone who listens to very loud music most likely suffer from? • Get a Chromebook • Get papers in tray • If needed, TURN IN PROJECTS– Late 1 day (-3 pts) • After start of period  Late 2 days...

  2. Objective SWU: how damage to any of the ear structures can cause a loss of hearing SW: compare the causes/treatments of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

  3. Conductive v. Sensorineural Hearing Loss • Get two highlighters or colors • Color-code table • Color-code key on Clin App 12.5 to match

  4. Conductive v. Sensorineural Hearing Loss • Using the internet, your table will research the two types of hearing loss: Conductive deafness and sensorineural deafness. • ½ table work on conductive hearing loss during research time • ½ table work on sensorineural hearing loss • Share your 411 with your table—add to your notes • Two resourceful websites are the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (www.asha.org) and the U.S. National Library of Medicine (www.nlm.nih.gov). 7min 5 min

  5. Types of Hearing Loss As sound waves enter the outer ear, they can be interrupted at any point on their way to the brain • This results in different types of hearing loss, depending on where the sound waves are interrupted, and why • Each type of hearing loss relates to specific parts of the ear

  6. Conductive Hearing Loss • Conductive hearing loss –Sound is not transmitted efficiently through external and/or middle ear • Make up 95% of hearing loss cases • Usually mild to moderate (25-65 dB) • Can be temporary or permanent Conductive: The ability or power to conduct or transmit heat, electricity, or sound Latin-conduct= brought together

  7. What are some obstacles that might affect sound in the external and middle ear? HINT: What problems did we talk about in regards to these two places Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound can’t freely pass into the inner ear--

  8. Causes Some possible causes of conductive hearing loss: • Ear infections • Fluid in the middle ear--- (otitis media) • Inflammation in the ear canal (otitis externa) • Poor auditory tube function • Perforated eardrum • Tumors • Impacted earwax (cerumen) • Presence of a foreign body • Deformation of the outer/middle ear

  9. Symptoms Some possible symptoms of conductive hearing loss: • Reduction in sound level • Reduction in ability to hear faint sounds

  10. Treatment Options This type of hearing loss can often be corrected medically or surgically. • Surgery: • Reconstruction of deformed external ear OR auditory ossicles • Medically: • Medicine to treat infection • Removal of tumor, ear wax, or object • Use of a hearing aide • A bone conduction hearing aid • Conventional hearing aid

  11. Sensorineural Hearing Loss • Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when there is damage to the cochlea, or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain. • Usually permanent • This is the most common type of permanent hearing loss Latin- Sens transmitted by the senses Greek- Neuron= Neural relating to a nerve or the nervous system

  12. What are some obstacles that might affect sound in the INNER ear? HINT: What problems did we talk about in regards to these two places Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when there is damage to the cochlea, or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain

  13. Causes • Some possible causes of SNHL: • Illnesses • Meningitis • Meniere’s disease • Drugs that are toxic to hearing • Aspirin (large doses) • Certain antibiotics • Certain cancer medications • Genetic or hereditary • Aging • Head trauma • Deformation of the inner ear • Exposure to loud noise

  14. Symptoms Some possible symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss: • Reduces the ability to hear faint sounds • Sound quality loss- can’t be processed properly • Even when speech is loud enough to hear, it may still be unclear or sound muffled

  15. Treatment Options Most of the time, SNHL cannot be medically or surgically corrected • Surgery: • Possible emergency surgery to fix a rupture of inner ear after head trauma or remove tumors • Cochlear implants • Medically: • Corticosteroids to reduce cochlear hair swelling and inflammation to improve healing of inner ear structures • Meniere’s disease can be treated with low-sodium diet, diuretics, and steroids, possible surgery

  16. Sensorineural Hearing Loss2m2s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rhRo73F324

  17. P. 65 Cochlear Implant A cochlear implant is a small electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to a person who is deaf or severely hard-of-hearing.

  18. Parts of a Cochlear Implant • External portion that sits behind ear: • A microphone, which picks up sound from the environment. • A speech processor, which selects and arranges sounds picked up by the microphone. • A transmitter and receiver/stimulator, which receive signals from the speech processor and convert them into electric impulses. • Second portion that is surgically placed under the skin: • An electrode array, which is a group of electrodes that collects the impulses from the stimulator and sends them to different regions of the auditory nerve.

  19. Cochlear Implant • An implant does not restore normal hearing. • Instead, it can give a deaf person a useful representation of sounds in the environment and help him or her to understand speech. Normal sound Sound with a cochlear implant “The BBC would like to announce that the next scene is not considered suitable for family viewing. It contains scenes of violence involving people’s heads and arms getting chopped off, their ears nailed to trees and their toenails pulled out in slow motion. There are also scenes of naked women with floppy breasts”

  20. Video Notes x 8-10 P. 64 No More Loud Music Answers Q1-8

  21. Cochlear Implant2m10s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeg4qTnYOpw

  22. Cochlear Implants 3m7s

  23. 8 mo. Old Deaf Baby with Cochlear Implants 49s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTzTt1VnHRM

  24. P. 65 Mixed Hearing Loss • Mixed Hearing Loss: caused by combination of conduction and sensorineural hearing loss • Results from problems in external/middle AND inner ear

  25. P. 65 Neural Hearing Loss • Neural Hearing Loss: Caused by absence or damage to cochlear nerve • Usually profound • Usually permanent • Hearing aids and cochlear implant WILL NOT WORK

  26. Classwork/HW • Read Clinical Application 12.4 – Getting a Cochlear Implant • Answer questions • Read Clinical Application 12.5— Hearing loss • You will need TWO color highlighters • Highlight info on conductive deafness in one color and info on sensorineural deafness in another • HL handout in class to match • Read/HL/Answer Questions on No More Loud Music on p. 64

  27. 12.7: Types of Hearing Loss ALREADY SET-UP 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 65 Topic: 12.7: Types of Hearing Loss Essential Question: Which type of hearing loss will someone who listens to very loud music most likely suffer from? Text: 462 Which type of hearing loss will someone who listens to very loud music most likely suffer from? • Take out for signature: • 12.4-5 Clinical Apps • Notebook p. 58 ?s • If needed, TURN IN PROJECTS– Late 2 days (-6 pts) • After start of period  Late 3 days...

  28. Objective SWU: how hearing tests determine possible conductive or sensorineural hearing loss SW: Complete lab report 32 and conduct the Rinne and Weber hearing tests

  29. Lab 32: Ear and Hearing

  30. Rinne Test[Rin-nay] • Objective: This test is done to assess possible conduction deafness by comparing bone and air conduction.

  31. Rinne Test44s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfcpv5uq0R8&nohtml5=False

  32. Rinne Test Results If hearing is normal, the sound from AIR CONDUCTION will be heard again. Normal: Sound is heard through bone AND air conduction (+ Rinne Test) Conductive impairment: Sound is not heard after tuning fork is removed from the mastoid bone- only heard through bone because this sound bypasses the auricle, external acoustic meatus, and middle ear ( - RinneTest) • If no sensation is experienced, there is conductive impairment. Conductive impairment involves outer or middle ear defects. Hearing aids can improve hearing for conductive deafness because bone conduction transmits the sound into the inner ear. Surgery could possible correct this type of defect Sensorineural impairment: Can hear the sound through air and bone conduction but sound is diminished. Probably heard longer and louder when on the mastoid process (+ Rinne Test )

  33. Weber Test • Objective: This test is used to distinguish possible conduction or sensory deafness.

  34. Weber Test1m13s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uI6_nPCkdK4

  35. Weber Test Results If hearing is normal, the sound should be heard equally in both ears Conductive impairment: Sound will be LOUDER in AFFECTED ear. Conduction problems mask the noise in the room while the bone picks up sound via the skull Sensorineural impairment: If some degree of sensory (nerve) deafness exists, sound will be LOUDER in NORMAL ear. This is because the bone is less effective at picking up sound even if it is transmitted directly into the inner ear. • If you heard the sound in the Rinne test when the tuning fork was by your ear, you probably have this type of impairment • The impairment involved the organ of Corti or the cochlear nerve. Hearing aids WILL NOT improve sensory deafness • Could be caused by loud noises (such as music) with no ear protection (Think Roger from our Hearing Case Study: No More Loud Music)

  36. Conductive Hearing Loss Sensorineural Hearing Loss

  37. Lab 32 Ear and Hearing • Part A---Text book • Part B— *No part C • Perform Rinne and Weber Test and record results • Using the direction sheet, fill out the table in Part B on expected results

  38. Bionic EarsStart at (4m42s)4m10s-8m50

  39. Cochlear Implant: First Hearing2m38s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNMPjFBdkm0

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