Lesson 5: Shock & Heart Attack Emergency Reference Guide p. 67-69

1. Lesson 5:Shock & Heart Attack Emergency Reference Guide p. 67-69

2. Objectives • Define Shock & discuss stages • List signs of shock • Describe when shock is threat to life • Demonstrate treatment for shock • Define heart attack • List signs & symptoms of a heart attack • Demonstrate care for a heart attack • Describe long term care for a heart attack patient

3. What is Shock? • Cardiovascular system is challenged • Insufficient oxygen to brain & other body parts • What can cause Shock? • Loss of body fluids • Allergic reaction • Loss of blood pressure • Psychogenic shock (i.e. fainting) • Heart Attack

4. Shock Signs & Symptoms • LOR (Level of Responsiveness): • Anxious, restless, or disoriented • Heart rate may be rapid, weak, or irregular • Respiratory rate rapid, shallow • Skin Color -Temperature - Moisture: • Pale, cool, clammy (may be pink, if allergic reaction) • Nausea

5. Later Stages of Shock • LOR continues to decrease: • Patient becomes lethargic, apathetic, eventually unresponsive • Heart rate (radial=wrist) grows more rapid & weak, may disappear

6. Care for Shock • Always care for shock until patient is in normal state • Unmanaged Shock can lead to death • Options for caring limited in Wilderness • Early recognition is essential

7. Care for Shock (cont’d.) • Identify causes, such as bleeding & treat causes • Keep patient calm • Keep patient lying down or comfortable • Maintain open airway • Elevate patient’s feet about 12 inches • Monitor vital signs • Give sips of cool water to prevent dehydration, if conscious (4 oz. every 20 min.) • Maintain patient’s normal body temperature

8. Position for Shock

9. Checking and Caring for a Heart Attack • Signs & Symptoms?: • Pain in center of chest • Pressure in chest • Pain on left side may in shoulder arm, or jaw • Nausea, sweating, shortness of breath • Denial of the possibility of a heart attack • Unexplained fatigue • Sudden, sharp short lived pain outside breastbone

10. Caring for a Heart Attack • Keep him/her physically & emotionally calm • Do not allow patient to walk • Call for help immediately • Help patient self-administer 325 mg aspirin, if they can swallow (i.e. non-coated aspirin) • If patient has strong radial pulse & has Nitro prescription, help them self-administer • If unconscious & no movement or breathing, start CPR immediately. Use AED, if available

11. Making Difficult Decisions • For delayed help CPR, how long do you try? • Keep in mind: • Decision is your’s and based on info you have • Some people die because no advanced care is available, no matter what you do • CPR does not sustain life indefinitely • Survival chances not good, if direct injury to heart • Better chances for hypothermia/lightning strike

12. Guidelines for Evacuation • Deciding whether to go slow or fast is important part of the care for shock/heart attack • Evacuate, if patient is not stable • GO FAST for any patient with: • Decreased mental status • Worsening vital signs, especially increased heart rate • Anyone you believe is having a heart attack

13. Making Difficult Decisions (cont’d.) • General Rules • Continue CPR until: • Obvious signs of life are observed • Another trained person arrives & takes over • EMS personnel arrive & take over • You are too exhausted to continue • The scene becomes unsafe

14. Questions???What else could you add to your First Aid Kit?