Participles / Participial Phrases

1. Participles/Participial Phrases

2. Learning Goal • Define participles • List the uses of participles • Identify participles in a given sentence

3. What is a participle? • A participle is used as a verb and as an adjective. This word usually ends in –ing or –ed • Examples: smiling, trotting, abandoned -Usually placed before a noun or pronoun • The smiling child waved. -But can appear after • The horses trotting past were not frightened by the crowd.

4. Present and Past Participles • Present participles—end in –ing • Past participles—end in –ed or, –d, –en, -t

5. Present Participles • End in –ing and represent an action that is ongoing or incomplete • Ex: We have seen her wandering about the halls.

6. Past Participles • Participles end in –ed, -d, -en, or –t • Describe a completed action or a state of the thing spoken of. • Ex: Exhausted, Jim fell onto his bed.

7. Participles/Participial Phrases • Participial phrase—a group of words that includes a participle and other words that complete its meaning. • Running for the ball, a player slipped in the mud. • The player kicking the ball is Don. • Don, kicking the ball, scored the final point.

8. How do I tell the difference between the participle and a gerund? • First, do the “it” test. • Ex: Don, kicking the ball, scored the final point. • Don, it, scored the final point. Does this make sense? .. No. • Most of the time, a participle will be set off with commas. • Ex: This plate, bought at a flea market, is a valuable antique.

9. Steps to identifying the participle • 1. Label all the nouns(& p.n.) in the sentence. • 2. Underline the words ending in ing/ed • 3. Label the main verb. • 4. See if the ing word can be replaced with ‘it’ • 5. See if the participle is part of a phrase AND if it is modifying a noun or pronoun. • 6. Draw an arrow to the word it’s modifying.

10. Let’s practice • Circle the participle, underline the phrase and draw an arrow to the noun or pronoun it’s describing. • This plate, bought at a flea market, is a valuable antique. • Chosen for her leadership abilities, Dawn was an effective team captain. • The crawling insects even have a role.

11. Summary • A participle is a verb that usually ends in -ing or –ed and is used as an adjora verb. • Describes a noun or pronoun • Does not work with the “it” test

12. Did we complete the Learning Goal? • Define participles • List the uses of participles • Identify participles in a given sentence