5G Technology: Regulatory Perspective

1. U.K. Srivastava Pr. Advisor (Network, Spectrum & Licensing) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India 5G Technology: Regulatory Perspective 5th Feb 2019

2. Major Regulatory Challenges

3. ACCESS SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY

4. Challenge for India • 5G service is likely to complement earlier generation mobile networks for quite a while. Over a period of time, spectrum bands being used for 2G/3G/4G, will be refarmed to 5G. • Spectrum in <3 GHz range assigned for mobile service is comparatively less. . Considering 4 TSPs Indian Market Scenario, per TSP spectrum holding is around 85 MHz. In China, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Singapore, per TSP spectrum holding is about 145-175 MHz.

5. BACKHAUL REQUIREMENT

6. BACKHAUL REQUIREMENT The Cisco Visual Networking Index forecast estimates that global IP traffic will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 24% from 2016 to 2021 and reach 3.3 zettabyte per year by 2021 (278 EB per month)

7. ONLY 20% SITES ON FIBRE The number of fiberised sites stood at only 20% of the total tower sites in 2016 as compared to 65-80% in countries like the US, China, Japan and Korea. Microwave may not be able to support speeds of up to 10 Gbps as promised by 5G technology.

8. RoW Policy • Levy of high charges FIBERISATION Major Fiber Investment needed • Non-availability of single window system for RoW clearance • Lack of uniformity in decision making processes • Long time in granting permissions

9. WIRELESS BACKHAUL • Harmonized spectrum for backhaul • Allocation of Spectrum in V-band (57 GHz - 64 GHz) and E-band (71 GHz - 86 GHz) for backhaul links. • Aggregation & contiguity of 28MHz spots allocated in 15/18/23GHz band for achieving capability upto 1Gbps on microwave hops

10. CELL DENSIFICATION

11. CELL DENSIFICATION • 5G will use mm wave frequencies whose propagation capabilities are weak. Therefore, it will, no doubt, require the widespread deployment of low-power base stations (small cells). Possible constraints: Suitable sites for small cells are not easy to find. Site owners may make exclusive or restrictive arrangements with network operators; • 5G antennae will probably be larger (in the m2 range ) than current 2G, 3G or 4G antennae, because massive MIMO processing will require the use of a very large number of radiating elements. Moreover, Additional antennae compatible with new 5G bands will also need to be deployed. Possible Constraint: Re-use of existing masts could very well be problematic, and new (possibly collocated) transmission sites will need to be found. Regulatory Role Keep a close eye on the matter and, if necessary, adopt measures that will facilitate 5G rollouts. Use of municipal infrastructure for site densification Non-exclusive rights to use municipal infra for small cells

12. SPECTRUM VALUATION

13. THE CHALLENGES IN VALUING 5G SPECTRUM • Estimation of possible revenue streams- The first major challenge is what services would be offered in the future and what the resulting revenue streams which will provide the basis for a valuation. Unlike 4G, it is no more a single class of revenue and traffic in 5G. Forecasting eMBB , mMTC and uRLLC will be challenging. Technical 5G spectrum valuation challenges: Difficult to figure out which of the present 2G/3G/4G bands can be considered as alternative, substitute bands to 5G bands in near future? Therefore, it is difficult to develop any technical model of valuation. No real world Data Available: The mmWave bands (i.e. small cells) will make Spectrum deployment modelling difficult: Absence of virtually any real-world data for modelling like cell coverage, number of cells typically deployed, data handling capacity etc. Making available large size carriers at reasonable prices: We are talking about carriers sizes of 100 MHz and more. Regulators have to ensure that spectrum is made available at appropriate prices. But the big question is What is the appropriate valuation of say 100 MHz carrier size in C –Band?

14. SECURITY CHALLENGES

15. SECURITY and PRIVACY CONCERNES IN 5G • Privacy Concerns: As 5G networks will serve a large number of vertical industries, a great amount of user privacy information will be carried over the 5G network also giving rise to privacy and data protection concerns. With advancements in data mining technologies, retrieval of user privacy information has been made easier. Therefore, user privacy information must be securely protected in the 5G network so that users and vertical industries can use the network without Worrying about information leakage. • Diversity of applications and networks: different applications will have different security requirements and will need different solutions. • IT-Driven Network Architecture: With the use New IT technologies, like Software Defined Network (SDN)/Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) new security concerns are emerging. It introduces new security challenges e.g. separation between different network slices with different security levels. • Internet of things: Security is impacted through scale. The number of devices to be authenticated will be an order of magnitude larger than at present, they will need to have a long lifetime (and security may not be easily upgraded), and they may also be built in i.e. without human access (cars, meters, sensors). IoT devices may have Heterogeneous Network Access ie many choices in the way they access networks. For instance, they may connect to networks directly, or via a gateway, or in the D2D or Relay fashion

16. QUALITY OF SERVICE

17. Quality of Service • Assurance systems are needed to extend assurance to 5G slices and sub-slices. • Key assurance techniques such as proactive closed-loop automation, service assurance and service orchestration as well as automated root-cause analysis will require to be deployed by Telcos.

18. OTHER CONCERNS

21. THANK YOU