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Isolation Levels

Isolation Levels. Phantoms a phantom with respect to transaction T1 is a new record that comes into existence, created by a concurrent transaction T2, that satisfies a search condition used by T1 consider transactions that include the following operations:. T1 SELECT * FROM a

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Isolation Levels

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  1. Isolation Levels • Phantoms • a phantom with respect to transaction T1 is a new record that comes into existence, created by a concurrent transaction T2, that satisfies a search condition used by T1 • consider transactions that include the following operations: T1 SELECT * FROM a WHERE id BETWEEN 5 AND 10 T2 INSERT INTO a VALUES (id,name) (7,’joe’)

  2. Interactive transactions • values written to a user terminal prior to commit could be used as input to other transactions • this inter-transaction dependency is outside the scope of any DBMS concurrency controls

  3. SQL isolation levels • SET TRANSACTION • < SERIALIZABLE | • REPEATABLE READ | • READ COMMITTED | • READ UNCOMMITTED > • Reference: Data and databases: concepts in practice; Joe Celko; 1999; Morgan Kaufmann Publishers; ISBN 1-55860-432-4

  4. Phenomena description • P1 dirty read • (transaction can read data that is not committed) • P2 nonrepeatable read • (transaction can read the same row twice, • and it could be different) • P3 phantom

  5. Phenomena occurs? P1 P2 P3 serializable no no no repeatable read no no yes read committed no yes yes read uncommitted yes yes yes

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