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G  Love

G  Love. Kristin Brodie Jeff Colton Colin Galbraith Bushra Makiya Tiffany Santos. Objective. To create a glove that will generate heat to help keep your hand warm in a cold environment. What will this require? Source of heat generation How will they be different? Lightweight

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G  Love

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  1. GLove Kristin Brodie Jeff Colton Colin Galbraith Bushra Makiya Tiffany Santos

  2. Objective To create a glove that will generate heat to help keep your hand warm in a cold environment What will this require? • Source of heat generation How will they be different? • Lightweight • Re-usable • Smart • Temperature Sensor/Switch • Reversible Exothermic Material

  3. Heat Loss Model Conduction • Cylindrical Hand • Power Lost @ -10C relative to Power Lost @ 25C • 2rLq = 2L(T1-T3)/R = 2.5W • R = Fabric Resistance + BL Resistance Glove Layers Convection

  4. Overview

  5. Battery Operated Glove

  6. Wires

  7. Mechanical Testing Data

  8. Electrical Resistivity Testing All wire diameters are ~40mm *R for wire wrapped around a finger **R for wire after work-hardening

  9. Wire Insulators Teflon Tubing Nextel Braids

  10. Batteries • Amphr • Size • Durability • Recharge ability

  11. Field Testing My hand feels warm, stop recording At what temperature is your hand comfortable? Tested 10 subjects • Placed in freezer • Dressed in winter clothes • Wore gloves with heating element • 1.7W of power supplied • Temp recorded when subject said their hand was warm Conclusion • Thermal Switch should turn power off at ~32C

  12. Temperature Sensor/Switch Resistance/Current Testing PICTURE HERE

  13. Fabric Blends of Polyester/Cotton were tested Thermal Testing • Input Power = 1.73 W • 100cm of wire • 3.7V • Temperature inside and outside of glove measured 2rLq=2L(T1-T3)/R = 1.73 W L/R = 0.018 W/k Power required using 100P* under same conditions as slide 3: 4.95 W

  14. Phase Change Materials • Octadecane • Tm = 27.2° C • Tc = 16.5° C • Hc = 283.5 J/g • Hydrophobic • Soft, waxy material • Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) • Tm = 26.6° C • Tc = 9.8° C • Hc = 151.0 J/g • Extremely hydrophilic • Soft, waxy material

  15. Differential Scanning Calorimetery

  16. PCM Encapsulation • To prevent leakage from glove when PCM melts. • Ideal Process • Microspheres to maximize surface area • Polypropylene (PP) /High Density Polyethylene (PE) • Can be used to encapsulate microspheres • Can be drawn into fibers • Extrusion of PEG/PP: phase separation • Complications • Lack of Encapsulation Facilities • Lack of Extrusion Facilities • Different thermal properties of PEG and PE

  17. Microsphere Fabrication • Successfully produced both paraffin and octadecane microspheres. • Complications • Inefficiency of filtering process • Large scale production

  18. PCM Encapsulation • Octadecane • Ground particles embedded in base material. • Polydimethyl Siloxane (PDMS) Resin • Thermal conductivity = 0.002W/m*K • 5g octadecane in 10ml (~7.5g) PDMS • PEG • Melting attempts failed. • Heat sealed in bags. • Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) • Thermal conductivity = 0.33W/m*K • 7g of PEG in ~11g LDPE -(CH2-CH2)-

  19. Comparison of PCMs Octadecane in PDMS PEG in PE Potential Heat: 2.36 J Actual Heat: 1.16 J Reduction in Efficiency: 51% Potential Heat: 0.66 J Actual Heat: 0.43 J Reduction in Efficiency: 35%

  20. PCM Conclusions • Octadecane is more efficient than PEG. • Polyethylene is more efficient than PDMS. • Future Recommendations • Encapsulate octadecane in polyethylene. • Extrusion

  21. Wire P = V2/R V = 3.74V, R = 8.3 1.7 W for 156 min Octadecane 5 g 1417 J 1.7 W for 12.5 min PEG 7 g 1057 J 1.7 W for 9.4 min Power Generated

  22. Battery Powered Octadecane PEG Field Testing

  23. Assembly • Connect wires to temp switch • Connecting wires to battery • Mechanical Strengthening of Contacts • Discharge battery • Encapsulation of PCM • Fabrication of Gloves

  24. Future Work • Improvements • Encapsulation process • Incorporation of wire into glove • Ease of access to recharge battery • On/Off switch • Insulation of Wire

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