Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Overview of I2R’s Wireless Transceiver Design for MBAN Activities Date Submitted: July 17, 2012 Source: Dr. Sumei Sun Contact: Dr. Sumei Sun, Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), (sunsm@i2r.a-star.edu.sg), Dr. XiaomingPeng (pengxm@i2r.a-star.edu.sg) Re: Overview of I2R’s Wireless Transceiver Design for MBAN Activities Abstract: Purpose: To focus activities during the meeting Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Sumei Sun, I2R

2. Outline • Background • Wireless Transceiver design for In-body Diagnosis • Wireless Transceiver for Implantable Device for Treatment Sumei Sun, I2R

3. Background • Wireless Transceiver design for In-body Diagnosis • Wireless Transceiver for Implantable Device for Treatment Sumei Sun, I2R

4. The A*STAR Family • Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech) • Institute of High Performance Computing • (IHPC) Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE) Data Storage Institute (DSI) Institute for Chemical & Engineering Sciences (ICES) Institute of Microelectronics (IME) Sumei Sun, I2R

5. A*STAR’s BEP Program • The Biomedical Engineering Programm (BEP) is a competitive, multi-disciplinary grant programm • Aiming at engaging the local clinicalcommunity with engineers and scientists to develop cost-effective innovations through a needs-driven approach that will improve patient care • Funded by the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) of A*STAR • Supports Clinician-Engineer/Scientist collaborative research projects with emphasis on devices, procedures, diagnosis, and clinical systems • The two use cases we share in this presentation are supported under the Program. Sumei Sun, I2R

6. Outline • Background • Wireless Transceiver design for In-body Diagnosis • Wireless Transceiver for Implantable Device for Treatment

7. Introduction • Capsule endoscopy is a technique which facilitates imaging of the gastro-intestinal track • Can be used to evaluate cause of gastro-intestinal bleeding and the surveillance of small bowel tumor and polyps • Safe and well-tolerated procedure, with low complication rates Sumei Sun, I2R

8. 26 mm Battery/Standard Module Comms & Application Module Antenna Camera 11 mm Project objective • Develop wireless comms module for swallowable capsule • In-body diagnostics Sumei Sun, I2R

9. Existing Comms Transceiver • Zarlink MICS Transceiver – ZL 70101 • RF Band – 402 to 405 MHz • Max data rate – 800 kbps • FSK modulation • Low power Sumei Sun, I2R

10. Comms Requirements (1/2) • Primary function • Transmit up to 6 x VGA quality images per second • Translates to 1.5 to 3 Mbps • existing transceiver cannot achieve this data rate • Other functionalities include: • temperature sensing • pH sensing • capsule status indication Sumei Sun, I2R

11. Comms Requirements (2/2) • Provide limited control of capsule (low data rate) • Toggle between sleep / active mode • Actuators control • Activation of biomarkers • Adjust image compression ratio • RF Band – 921 to 924 MHz • antenna more compact in 900 MHz than in 400 MHz band • Low power Sumei Sun, I2R

12. PHY Layer Design (1/2) • Comms receivers are typically more complex than transmitters • Shift system complexities to external base station to reduce power • Asymmetric comms link between in-body capsule and external base station • Modulation: • Capsule – QPSK Tx / OOK Rx • Base station – OOK Tx / QPSK Rx Sumei Sun, I2R

13. PHY Design (2/2) • Error correction: • Capsule • Reed-Solomon (255, 239) encoder • 1/3 repetition code decoder • Base station • 1/3 repetition code encoder • Reed-Solomon (255, 239) decoder • Data rates: • Capsule to base station – 3 Mbps • Base station to capsule – 50 kbps Sumei Sun, I2R

14. Antenna Design • Capsule • Coil antenna • Radiation – Omni-directional • Dimension – 5 x 5 x 5 mm3 • Station • Patch antenna • Radiation - Directional • Dimension – 100 x 100 x 4.6 mm3 Sumei Sun, I2R

15. The Animal Trial The standalone capsule The capsule in pig’s stomach Sumei Sun, I2R

16. Outline • Background • Wireless Transceiver design for In-body Diagnosis • Wireless Transceiver for Implantable Device for Diabetes Treatment

17. 286 million diabetics worldwide, 400 million by 2030 • ~10% of the Singapore population has diabetes • 7th leading cause of death in Singapore , • ~US$116 billion was spent on the direct medical cost for diabetes in 2007 (in US alone) • All Type I and ~30% of Type 2 diabetics require insulin therapy • Painful fingerpricks (blood glucose testing) and insulin injections • Psychological aversion to the therapy  non-compliance (as high as 50%) • Non- compliance increases the risk of developing systemic sequelae Background and Motivation Sumei Sun, I2R

18. Implanting of semi-permanent glucose-sensing and insulin-delivery components - Medtronic, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, Abbott, and Animas • New forms of insulin • Exubera by Pfizer, an inhaled form of insulin (withdrawn due to fears of pulmonary side effects) Some Available Advanced Solutions Sumei Sun, I2R

19. Develop a proof-of-concept prototype for implantable close-loop glucose control • A closed-loop glucose regulation algorithm • A bench model for testing and developing the above algorithm • A fail-safe system to prevent hypoglycaemia based on graded alarms and glucose-insulin co-infusion • A wireless transceiver • A power management module with embedded wireless inductive power charging capabilities Our Objective Sumei Sun, I2R

20. Lab Bench Prototype Platform for Implantable Device (internal unit) Platform for Base Station (external unit) Sumei Sun, I2R

21. Lab Bench Prototype Base Station Communicating with Implantable unit Sumei Sun, I2R

22. Validation of Control Algorithm Cases 2 and 3 – A Type 2 Patient monitored in March and April 2011 Case 1 - Type 1 Patient Modeled glucose level and clinical data were shown in the top panel; and in the bottom panel the red dash curve and the green solid line represented glucose intake rate Gin (mg/dL) and insulin injection u (mU/min), respectively. Sumei Sun, I2R

23. Test and Trial with Pork Meat Sumei Sun, I2R

24. Prototype for Upcoming Animal Test Sumei Sun, I2R

25. Energy consumption profiling • Conducted experiment on energy consumption profile of the implant device in various operation modes • Will be used to further optimize power management mechanism • Energy harvesting/charging mechanism • Conducted experiments on resonant-based wireless power transfer/charging • Design is on-going Power Management Sumei Sun, I2R

26. Summary and discussions • Two wireless transceiver design projects have been presented • One with short-life cycle, high data rate • One with long life-cycle, moderate or low data rate • Higher and higher demand for intelligent healthcare/lifesyle management • Calling for unified/inter-operable communication standard

27. Thank You! Q&A Sumei Sun, I2R