ISWC 2006 International Semantic Web Conference: Statistics, Challenges, and Keynote Talks

1. ISWC 2006 5th International Semantic Web Conference Athens, GA, USA, November 2006 http://iswc2006.semanticweb.org KEG seminar

2. Statistics • Participants from 33 countries • Research track • 215 submissions (217, 54, 25%) • 52 accepted (24% acceptance rate) • In-Use Track • Not only industry, also government, public health, and academia • 42 submissions • 14 accepted (1/3 acceptance rate) KEG seminar

3. Semantic Web Challenge Goal: to apply Semantic Web techniques in building online end-user applications that integrate, combine and deduce information needed to assist users in performing task • Certain minimum criteria: • Meaning of data has to play a central role • Heterogeneous information sources, under diverse control • Open world assumption • (multi-media, commercial potential, scalability) • Semantic Web Challenge • 18 submitted Semantic Web applications • 14 accepted KEG seminar

4. Semantic Web Challenge • http://challenge.semanticweb.org/ • MultimediaN E-Culture demonstrator, VU • Oscar Celma: Foafing the Music: Bridging the semantic gap in music recommendation • a music recommender system, based on user's profile. This means that, depending on what you like, what you listen to, where you live, etc, you get personalized music recommendations. • Giovanni Tummarello et al: DBin: Enabling Semantic Web communities • Falcon-S: An Ontology-Based Approach to Searching Objects and Images in the Soccer Domain. Honghan Wu, Gong Cheng, and Yuzhong Qu KEG seminar

5. Workshops • 20 proposals • 13 selected (9) • http://iswc2006.semanticweb.org/workshop_tutorial/workshops.htm • Our special interest in Ontology Matching • Tutorials • http://iswc2006.semanticweb.org/workshop_tutorial/tutorials.htm KEG seminar

6. Ontology Matching (1/3) • http://om2006.ontologymatching.org/ • Technical Papers: • Marta Sabou et al: Using the Semantic Web as Background Knowledge for Ontology Mapping • Zharko Aleksovski et al: Exploiting the Structure of Background Knowledge Used in Ontology Matching • Loredana Laera et al: Arguing Over Ontology Alignments • Christian Meilicke et al: Improving Automatically Created Mappings Using Logical Reasoning KEG seminar

7. Ontology Matching (2/3) • Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2006 (OAEI) • Jérôme Euzenat et al: First Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2006 • Papers about systems (RiMOM, Falcon, …) • Poster session: • Ondřej Šváb, Vojtěch Svátek: Combining Ontology Mapping Methods Using Bayesian Networks KEG seminar

8. Ontology Matching (3/3) • Consensus building workshop • Final phase of conference track • At ISWC App. 40 minutes • Finding agreement about quite controversial mappings • Goal: feedback for involved systems, trace argumentation process (types of arguments, their order,…) • Continuation on Monday, smaller group KEG seminar

9. Keynote talk 1 • Tom Gruber and RealTravel.com: Where the Social Web Meets the Semantic Web • Semantic Web and Social Web are the same • Web is rather social matter • Semantic Web suitable for collective intelligence, not only collected intelligence • Ontology of Folksomony • rich social tagging across applications, communities, and spaces • www.tagcommons.org • Volunteer needed • Open-source style project • Contextual tagging (www.realtravel.com) KEG seminar

10. Keynote talk 2 • Jane Fountain: The Semantic Web and Networked Governance: Promise and Challenges • Virtual state as metaphor • Governmental issues supported by informatics (networks, information sharing, enhanced search, improved collaboration, …) • institutional perspectives on technology and governance • http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/digitalcenter/ • http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/netgov/html/index.htm KEG seminar

11. Keynote talk 3 • Rudi Studer: The Semantic Web: Suppliers and Customers • Semantic Web as an interdisciplinary research • Disciplines: such as natural language processing, databases, software engineering, machine learning, knowledge representation • Semantic Web and commercial applications • Existing and growing market for Corporate Semantic Web applications KEG seminar

12. Panel discussion • "The Role of Semantic Web in Web 2.0: Partner or Follower?" • Web 2.0: blogs, wikis, feeds, social networking/tagging systems, also AJAX (web like a desktop application), REST • Role of SW technologies in Web 2.0? • Semantics for applications KEG seminar

13. Topic areas (sections) • Social Software • Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment • Database Technologies • Collaboration and Cooperation • Applications of SW Technologies with Lessons Learned • Machine Learning and Query Evaluation  KEG seminar

14. Topic areas (sections) • Rule and Ontology Languages • Languages, Tools, and Methodologies for Representing and Managing Data • Robust and Scalable Semantic Web Techniques • Semantic Web Service Composition • Knowledge Management • Semantic Integration • Semantic Search KEG seminar

15. Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment (1/4) • Antoine Zimmermann, Jérôme Euzenat: Three Semantics for Distributed Systems and their Relations with Alignment Composition • Distributed system=ontologies and alignments • Examine three different semantics of a DS • Composition operation • Simple d. s. (interpretation within the same domain), integrated d. s. (local interpretation is reconciled in a global domain using equalizing functions), contextualized d. s. (reconcilation for each pair of ontologies, they relate two local interpretation domains) • example: O1, O2, O3 with A of O1 and O2 a B of O2 a O3 – task: deduce a third alignment of O1 a O3 (composition of A and B) • Main goal: alignment composition – syntactic composition, semantic composition KEG seminar

16. Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment (2/4) • Wei Hu et al: Block Matching for Ontologies • A block = set of domain entitites • A block mapping = a pair of matched blocks from two ontologies • Blocks as partitioning problem • 1st phase constructing virtual documents (vectors, weights - TFIDF) • 2nd phase computation of relatedness (cosine measure in VSM) • 3rd partitioning by bisection algorithm -> dendrogram with block mappings at different levels of granularity • 4th extracting of the optimal black mappings • example: {Month, Day, Year} with {Date} KEG seminar

17. Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment (3/4) • Loredana Laera et al: Reaching agreement over ontology alignments • Ontologies as vocabulary for agents’ communication -> reconciliation of mismatches (reconciliation of different existing ontologies) • task: alignments agreeable for ‘both’ agents • Proposed framework: (i) a formal argument manipulation schema, (ii) agents preferences between particular kinds of arguments • Candidate mapping with a set of justifications <-> agent with its pre-ordered of preferences and threshold (alignment rationales) KEG seminar

18. Reaching agreement over ontology alignments • Various categories of arguments • Internal structure (properties of c are mapped to those of c’) • External structure (e and e’ have mapped neighbours) • Terminological (entities labels share lexical features) • Extensional (instances of e and e’ are mapped) • Semantic KEG seminar

19. Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment (4/4) • Vanessa Lopez et al: PowerMap: Mapping the Real Semantic Web on the Fly • Requirements for run-time mapping techniques • PowerMap algorithm • Adrian Mocan et al: Formal Model for Ontology Mapping Creation • First-Order Logic as formalism for representing this model KEG seminar

20. Database Technologies • Marcelo Arenas et al: Semantics and Complexity of SPARQL • Regarding complexity of SPARQL in W3C’s proposal are ambiguities, gaps and features difficult to understand • Formalization of the semantics of SPARQL • Study the expressiveness and complexity • Beneficial for rewriting queries, help in optimization • Focusing on the graph pattern matching facility • Optimizations based on normal forms (for graph patterns) KEG seminar

21. Rule and Ontology Languages • Saartje Brockmans et al: A Model Driven Approach for Building OWL DL and OWL Full Ontologies • Support the development of ontologies using UML modeling tools (Meta-Object Facility, MOF based ontology development) • OMG standardization effort for an Ontology Definition Metamodel (ODM) – a metamodel for OWL (OWLBase Package – OWL Ontology, Class Descriptions,…; OWLDL and OWLFull Package) • Also implementation as eclipse plugin • http://www.eclipse.org/emft/projects/eodm/ • UML profile as a extension to UML • MDA: meta-metamodel layer (M3), metamodel layer (M2), model layer (M1), and instance layer (M0) KEG seminar

22. Machine Learning and Query Evaluation • Klaas Dellschaft et al: On How to Perform a Gold Standard Based Evaluation of Ontology Learning • Call for repeatable evaluation scheme • Framework for gold standard based evaluation of ontologies • New taxonomic measure for evaluation of ontology learning procedure fulfill three main criterias: multi dimensional evaluation (different kind of errors, independent measures), varying weight errors according to position of concept in hierarchy, scale interval is more even (slight error -> slight decrease of measure) KEG seminar

23. Applications of SW Technologies with Lessons Learned (1/2) • Li Ding et al: Characterizing the Semantic Web on the Web (Web aspect of the Semantic Web) • Design a conceptual model of SW • Harvesting of Semantic Web documents on the Web • Measuring data (using model on collected dataset) • Largest source websites (www.livejournal.com), age, size • conclusions: • SW is growing steadily on the Web even when many documents are only online for a short time • Most classes (>97%) have no instances and the majority of properties (>70%) have never been used • Ontologies can be induced by the instantiations of ontological definition in instance space KEG seminar

24. Applications of SW Technologies with Lessons Learned (2/2) • Wolfgang Holzinger et al: Using Ontologies for Extracting Product Features from Web Pages • Digital camera domain • Table ontology and meta domain ontology, reasoning about semantics of content • 1st phase table extraction: utilize visual features (visual rendition of the Web page) • 2nd phase expressing by means of table ont. • 3rd phase content spotting: keyword spotters and type spotters using domain ontology (next derive additional facts) KEG seminar

25. Languages, Tools, and Methodologies for Representing and Managing Data • Michiel Hildebrand et al: /facet: A Browser for Heterogeneous Semantic Web Repositories • Browsing multiple resource types -> relatively complex queries • Real scenario portal to on-line collections of national museum (several collections from Dutch museums of paintings) • Automatic facet configuration according to underlying RDFS dataset • Also Poster as well as Semantic Web Challenge KEG seminar

26. Machine Learning and Query Evaluation • Carlos Hurtado et al: A Relaxed Approach to RDF Querying • Relaxation of the query’s conditions • Not only OPTIONAL clause for querying (dropping optional triple patterns) • Moreover – replacing constants with variables or using the class and property hierarchies • Eg. relaxation: (?X,type,ConferenceArticle) -> (?X,type,Article), (?X,editorOf,?Y) -> (?X,contributorOf,?Y) • Rank results of a query KEG seminar

27. Robust and Scalable Semantic Web Techniques • Aaron Kershenbaum et al: The Summary Abox: Cutting Ontologies Down to Size • Semantic Web Service Composition • Freddy Lécué et al: A formal model for semantic Web service composition KEG seminar

28. Poster session • Paulo Maio et al: Building Consensus on Ontology Mapping • Jingshan Huang et al: Superconcept Formation System--An Ontology Matching Algorithm for Web Applications KEG seminar

29. ISWC 2006 at hand • Photos taken by participants (now 705 photos) • http://www.flickr.com/groups/iswc/pool/ • Videos from ISWC2006 conference • http://seminars.ijs.si/iswc2006/ KEG seminar

30. ISWC 2007 • South Korea • Google trends: 1st ontology, 1st Semantic Web, 1st Web 2.0 KEG seminar