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Calcium homeostasis

kidney. bone. small intestine. Calcium homeostasis. Blood Ca++. Calcium cycling in bone tissue. Bone formation Osteoblasts Synthesize a collagen matrix that holds Calcium Phospate in crystallized form Once surrounded by bone, become osteocyte Bone resorption Osteoclasts

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Calcium homeostasis

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  1. kidney bone small intestine Calcium homeostasis Blood Ca++

  2. Calcium cycling in bone tissue • Bone formation • Osteoblasts • Synthesize a collagen matrix that holds Calcium Phospate in crystallized form • Once surrounded by bone, become osteocyte • Bone resorption • Osteoclasts • Change local pH, causing Ca++ and phosphate to dissolve from crystals into extracellular fluids

  3. 1,25 Vitamin D3

  4. Gall bladder liver Bile Duct Pancreas Pancreatic duct duodenum Mammalian Pancreas

  5. Islets of Langerhans Exocrine cells    capillaries Endocrine Pancreas

  6. Separate islets from exocrine pancreas Encapsulate islets (immune protection) Inside the patient Inject into abdomen Islet Transplantation

  7. Neuron Adrenal Gland epinephrine Alarm Phase:Catecholamine Release: sympathoadrenal system

  8. Central Nervous System hypothalamus CRH pituitary Prolactin VP -endorphins ACTH adrenals Glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone)

  9. The stress response

  10. 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Storms and CORT in diving Petrels Calm (n=8) Pre-storm (n=3) Storm? Corticosterone, ng/ml Time after capture (min)

  11. glucose mobilization Breakdown of protein to make glucose Inhibit immune system Decreased parental care Decrease reproduction Energy depletion Muscle wasting Increase parasite load, can’t fight disease, infection Loss of young Total loss of fitness for the season Acute Responses to Stress Chronic Stimulation

  12. fence lizard Corticosterone and Body Condition

  13. Males 80 Females 60 40 20 11 9 8 13 8 5 0 PESA SESA WESA REPH F Parental care? : M M + F Corticosterone Increase, ng/ml Magnitude of Pectoral Semipalmated Red Sandpiper Sandpiper Phalarope

  14. 60 Abert's Towhee 50 50 Cactus Wren 40 summer summer 40 40 winter summer Inca Dove winter 30 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 0 CORT (ng/ml) 1 5 10 30 60 1 5 10 30 60 1 5 10 30 60 Black-throated sparrow 50 winter 40 30 20 10 0 1 5 10 30 60 Time after capture (mintues) BENIGN BREEDING ENVIRONMENT HARSH BREEDING ENVIRONMENT

  15. Energy Model EE = EI = EO = EG = ENERGY EI EE TIME

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