Bill Strickland East Grand Rapids High School East Grand Rapids, MI bstrickl@egrps

1. AP World History ReviewPeriod 5: Industrialization & Global Integrationc. 1750 CE – c. 1900 CE Bill Strickland East Grand Rapids High School East Grand Rapids, MI bstrickl@egrps.org

2. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism • Industrialization fundamentally changed how goods were produced. • IR caused by a variety of factors • Europe’s location on Atlantic ocean • geographical distribution of coal, iron, & timber • European demographic changes & urbanization • improved agricultural productivity • legal protection of private property • abundance of rivers and canals • access to foreign resources • accumulation of capital.

3. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism • Industrialization fundamentally changed how goods were produced. • IR caused by a variety of factors • Development of Machines & reliance on fossil fuels • Factory system • Global spread → Europe, U.S., Russia, Japan • “2nd Ind Rev” steel, chemicals, electricity after c.1850

4. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism • New trade patterns further integrated global economy. • Industrialists sought raw materials & new markets • Need for raw materials & food supplies to feed rising populations → export economies: economy based around single natural resource (e.g. cash crops) • New financial institutions developed to facilitate global investments • Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations: capitalism • Stock markets, insurance, corporations • Some businesses grew to global scale

5. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism • New trade patterns further integrated global economy. • New financial institutions developed to facilitate global investments • New developments in transportation: • Railroads, Steamships, Telegraphs, Canals

6. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism • Responses to Capitalism • Industrial states: • Workers organized • Protests against exploitation of workers • Alternate visions of society offered • Some non-industrial states resisted changes, attempted to maintain pre-industrial forms of production • Some states sponsored their own state-sponsored industrialization plans • Meiji Japan, Russia’s Trans-Siberian RR, Muhammad Ali’s cotton textile industry.

7. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism • Responses to Capitalism • Industrial states: • Workers organized • Protests against exploitation of workers • Alternate visions of society offered • Some non-industrial states resisted changes, attempted to maintain pre-industrial forms of production • Some states sponsored their own state-sponsored industrialization plans • Meiji Japan, Russia’s Trans-Siberian RR, Muhammad Ali’s cotton textile industry.

8. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation • Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires

9. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation • Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. • Existing colonial powers strengthened existing empires • Europeans, U.S. & Japan established new empires in Asia/Pacific • Spanish & Portuguese influence declined • Scramble for Africa • Settler Colonies • Economic Imperialism (Dollar Diplomacy)

10. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation • New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified Imperialism.

11. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform • Enlightenment thought (questioning established traditions) often preceded revolutions and rebellions. • Voltaire, Rousseau • Intellectuals challenged religion • New political ideals re: “natural rights,” the individual, & “social contract” • Social customs (led to growth of suffrage, abolition, end of serfdom)

12. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform • Peoples around the world developed a new sense of commonality, based on: • Language • Religion • social customs • territory

13. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform • These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state … • … while gov’ts used this idea to unite diverse populations.

14. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform • These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state … • … while gov’ts used this idea to unite diverse populations.

15. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform • The global spread of European political & social thought, together w/ the increasing number of rebellions stimulated new transnational ideologies/solidarities. • Liberalism • Socialism • Communism

16. 5.4 Global Migration • Migration was influenced by changes in demography in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies • presented challenges to existing patterns of living. • Changes in food production, medical conditions contributed to migrations

17. 5.4 Global Migration • Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. • Work: both voluntary (free) & coerced/ unfree (indent serv, slavery) • Many migrants returned home

18. 5.4 Global Migration • Large scale migration produced a variety of consequences & reactions • Most migrants male, leaving women to adopt new roles • Migrants created new ethnic enclaves in new homelands • Receiving societies not always “happy” re: new immigration