EMIT ELECTRO MAGNETIC IMPACT TREATMENT Market Analysis & Impact

1. EMITELECTRO MAGNETIC IMPACT TREATMENTMarket Analysis & Impact Milky Way Magnetic Field Captured by Plank Spacecraft

2. What is EMIT • Electro-Magnetic Impact Treatment (EMIT) is an innovative surface treatment process (patent pending) that exploits the electromagnetic forcefield. • EMIT has the ability to adjust the direction and amplitude of the applied forces, to annihilate residual stresses contactless, in a better, faster cheaper way. • Among EMIT innovative solutions are: • Tensile and/or compressive forces in metallic surfaces • Compressive stresses in non-metallic surfaces • Non-contact mechanical treatment including • Cyclic Deformation • Surface Polishing • Surface Softening/Hardening • Electromagnetic Forming/Welding • Non-Destructive Testing

3. EMIT Industrial Applications Aerospace Critical components in the industry are susceptible to corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking caused by environmental and/or loading conditions. • Landing Gears • Gas Turbine Engines • Propeller Hubs • Hydraulics Automotive • Gearshift Fork • Door Locks • Body Parts • Brakes • Hydraulics Transportation Nearly all engineering structures experience some form of alternating stress and are exposed to harmful environments during their service life. • Railways • Ballast sprocket • Skirt Plate • Axle Box • Retarder yoke Oil & Gas • Rollers • Loaders • Stabilizers • Drill Collars • Valve Equipment

4. EMIT Industrial Applications Energy Production Critical components in the industry are susceptible to corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking caused by environmental and/or loading conditions. • Turbine blade sand Diaphragms • Steam bypass top valves • Pump Shafts • Water wall panels Shipping & Offshore • Crankshaft • Piston Crown • Exhaust Valve Housing • Exhaust valve Spindle & Seat • Cylinder Co • Heat Exchanger Construction Nearly all engineering structures experience some form of alternating stress and are exposed to harmful environments during their service life. • Grader blades • Bulldozer components • Trenchers • Drilling • Asphalt and concrete pavers Defense • Blisks • MEMS • Tracked Vehicles • Track pins

5. EMIT Automotive Industry Applications Mechanical surface Treatment reflects over a 2 – 15% of the final value of a car • Nearly every steel & metal component of a car needs to be subjected to mechanical surface treatment, including: • Crank Shafts • Piston Pins & Piston rods • Bores • Axles & axle rods • Throttle • Connecting Rods • Cylinder heads • Crack Pins • Push Rods • Mounting Bolts • Structural Components

6. EMIT Aerospace Industry Applications • Most parts & components used in aerospace industry are working under heavy & critical conditions. They require enhanced properties such as high fatigue life, wear resistance etc. Applications of mechanical surface treatment include: • Turbine and fan blades • Turbine Shafts • Turbine Disks and wheels • Holes and bores • Dovetail Slots • Aircraft wings and skins • Tension Bolts EMIT can successfully increase the lifespan of all aerospace metal alloy parts. It is estimated that the annual US Air Force costs for inspection and maintenance is exceeding $1 billion.

7. EMIT Market Size EMIT targets to be the next big thing in Heat Treatment & Work Hardening Market Heat Treatment Market Info • Heat Treatment Consumes 17% of US Industrial Energy usage. • Global Heat Treatment volume is in the range of $65-$85 billion, without including induction and primary iron and steel heat treatment. • The majority of the volume refers to captive activity. • North American Market is estimated at $20 billion. • Equipment Sales are estimated in the range of $4.3-$5.5 billion. Work Hardening Market Info • Work Hardening Market is integrated to various industrial segments (Aerospace, Automotive etc) but is estimated to be at 20% of Heat Treatment, with equipment sales at $2.5 billion.

8. EMIT Introducing Novelty The EMIT technological solutions meet every industrial demand. EMIT FOR CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRIES EMIT AREA COVERAGE EMIT POINT FOCUSED COVERAGE • Longitudinal strip with adaptive length and width • Mechanical treatment of a linear strip • Variant involving cylindrical performs. • V-Shaped Primary Conductor • Adapted mechanical treatment to selected spot

9. Current State of The Art Heat Treatment Heat Treating furnaces can be grouped into two main categories, batch and continuous. • Batch Furnaces • Bell Furnaces • Box Furnaces • Car bottom Furnaces • Elevating hearth • Gantry Furnaces • Integral Quench Furnaces • Pit Furnaces • Vacuum Furnaces • Salt Pot Furnaces • Continuous Furnaces • Cast Link Belt Furnaces • Humpback Furnaces • Mesh Belt Furnaces • Monorail Furnaces • Pusher Furnaces • Rotary Health Furnaces • Shaker Health Furnaces • Vacuum Furnaces • Walking Beam Furnaces From Batch Furnaces “Integral Quench” are the most common, while from Continuous the Pusher Furnaces

10. Current State of The Art Work Hardening The currently most popular work hardening surface treatment techniques are: Shot Peening Shot peening is a cold working process used to produce a compressive residual stress layer and modify mechanical properties of metals and composites. It entails impacting a surface with shot (round metallic, glass, or ceramic particles) with force sufficient to create plastic deformation Companies: Curtiss – Wright, Straaltechniek, Weelabrator Ultra Sonic Impact Treatment In Ultrasonic Impact Treatment, ultrasonic waves are produced by an electro-mechanical ultrasonic transducer, and applied to a workpiece. The energy from these high frequency impulses is imparted to the treated surface through mandatory contact of specially designed tools for impact treatment with freely movable strikers that are mounted in a holder. Companies: Sonats, Applied Ultrasonics

11. Current State of The Art Work Hardening The currently most popular work hardening surface treatment techniques are: Low Plasticity Burnishing Low Plasticity Burnishing is a method that provides surface compressive residual stresses.  The basic tool is a ball that is supported in a spherical hydrostatic bearing. The tool is usually held in a CNC. The machine tool coolant is used to pressurize the bearing with a continuous flow of fluid to support the ball. The ball rolls across the surface of a component in a pattern. Companies: Lambda Technologies Group Laser Peening Laser peening is a mechanical surface enhancement process. Using a high energy pulsed laser beam, shock waves which are generated and propagate through the material are responsible for inducing cold work into the microstructure and contributing to the increased performance of the material Companies: Curtiss – Wright S

12. Competitive Advantages EMIT vs Heat Treatment • Furnaces present extreme Energy Consumptions • EMIT is 1000 times cheaper in Energy Consumption • Furnaces alternate the substrate through a relatively slow process (2-18 hrs) • EMIT instantly can impact on substrate minimizing the process time (10ths of sec) • All of the geometry must be subjected to heat treatment • EMIT can be applied to concentrated focused points • Heavy machinery that require fixed installation and large space • Flexible installation and portable solutions

13. Competitive Advantages EMIT vs Work Hardening Techniques Significantly cheaper method than any other, due to the low energy costs • Current state of the Art Disadvantages vs EMIT • Great forces are required • Heavier and more powerful equipment and tooling required • Intermediate annealing may be required to compensate for loss of ductility that accompanies strain hardening • The imparted directional properties may be detrimental • Undesirable residual stress may be produced • Small areas can be scanned with usual machinery • Optimization of force allocation • Flexible machinery • EMIT surpasses this intermediate step • EMIT offers exact material property allocation • No additional residual stresses are present • Large areas can be scanned instantly minimizing the process time

14. Unlimited Potential Finally EMIT is the only method with the unique capability of applying tensile forces thus cyclic deformation! • Cyclic Deformation will affect the industry by: • Developing new products and processes • Leading the development of new markets ECO friendly process, reduced emissions • EMIT benefits extend furthermore: • EMIT is a contactless method, with low to zero tool wear with no additional process needed • EMIT and it’s adoption will improve on the efficiency and performance of conventional surface hardening/softening through • Improved Fuel Economy • Improved Performance • Increased Production rate

15. References • PCT/GR2016/000028 Patent: “Electromagnetic hammer device for the mechanical treatment of materials and method of use thereof”. Inventor: Stylianos Mores. • A.TolgaBozdana, 2005 – On Mechanical Surface Enhancement techniques in aerospace industry – a review of technology • W.Kayser, 2001 – Surface Modifications in Aerospace Applications • P. Hutmann, 2002 – The Application of Mechanical Surface Treatment in the Passenger Car Industry • Global Heat Treatment Network http://global-heat-treatment-network.com/en/news • Ultrasonic Shot Peening: A Reliable Innovative Process Meeting Automotive Industry Requirements – MFN International, Vol.17 May 2015 • Bodycote Annual Report 2015