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Neurological Assessemnt

Neurological Assessemnt. Scope. Components . CEREBRAL FUNCTION CRANIAL NERVE FUNCTION MOTOR FUNCTION SENSORY FUNCTION REFLEXES. History. Comprehensive From patient, family members, significant other Symptoms experienced Pt. understanding and perception of what is happening.

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Neurological Assessemnt

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  1. Neurological Assessemnt Scope

  2. Components • CEREBRAL FUNCTION • CRANIAL NERVE FUNCTION • MOTOR FUNCTION • SENSORY FUNCTION • REFLEXES

  3. History • Comprehensive • From patient, family members, significant other • Symptoms experienced • Pt. understanding and perception of what is happening

  4. Mental Status • Orientation, mood, behavior, general knowledge • Short and long-term memory • Attention span and ability to concentrate • Be specific in documentation

  5. Level of Consciousness • the earliest and most sensitive indicator that something is changing! • E.g. A decreasing LOC is the earliest sign of Increased Intracranial Pressure • 2 components: arousal (wakefulness) and awareness • Observations are recorded in terms of behavior and signs (not a general “disoriented”)

  6. Language and Speech • Aphasia: language function is defective or absent • Due to injury to frontal lobe and part of temporal lobe • Includes speech, reading, writing, and understanding

  7. Language and Speech • Dysarthria • Difficult, poorly articulated speech • Usually results from interference in the control over the muscles of speech • Cause is usually damage to a central or peripheral nerve

  8. Cranial Nerve Function • See other handouts!

  9. Motor Function • Assess gait, stance, muscle tone, coordination, involuntary movements, and muscle stretch reflexes Note bilateral responses • Mobility: • Paralysis = loss of function • Paresis = lesser degree of movement • Flaccid = weak, soft, flabby or lacking normal muscle tone • Spastic = involuntary sudden movement of muscle contraction

  10. Sensory and Perceptual Status • Pain, touch, temperature, proprioception • Proprioception: the sensation pertaining to spatial-position and muscular-activity stimuli • Gives one the ability to know the position of the body without looking at it and to know objects by the sense of touch • Unilateral neglect: perceptually unaware of and inattentive to one side of the body • Hemianopia: blindness or defective vision in half of the visual field

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