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How Much Oxygen is in the Water?

How Much Oxygen is in the Water?. METHOD 1: Using Dissolved Oxygen Tablets Rinse bottle thoroughly. 3. Add 2 tablets, replace

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How Much Oxygen is in the Water?

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  1. How Much Oxygen is in the Water? METHOD 1: Using Dissolved Oxygen Tablets Rinse bottle thoroughly. 3. Add 2 tablets, replace 3 times top and gently shake until dissolved. 2. Fill bottle to overflowing.     4. Wait 5 minutes. Read oxygen content on comparator – Low, Medium, or High Dump water on the ground and return box to bag.

  2. How Much Oxygen is in the Water? METHOD 2: Using a Dissolved Oxygen Meter 1. Uncap the probe and hold in moving water. If the water is not moving, gently stir the water with the probe. DO NOT put in water past BLACK probe tip. 2. Press "MODE" while the meter is in water to HOLD the reading. Record the meter in parts per million, PPM.

  3. How Much Oxygen is in the Water? Dissolved oxygen (DO) is necessary for aquatic life in order to survive. Dissolved oxygen is measured in PPM or parts per million. Parts per million is the number of "parts" by weight of a substance per million parts of water. Fast moving water tends to have large amounts of oxygen, while slower moving water, especially stagnant water, has lower levels. Colder water tends to have more dissolved oxygen than warmer water. Most dissolved oxygen is introduced into water through aeration, flowing over rocks, or as a waste product of photosynthesis. It is generally considered that DO levels of at least 4-5 PPM are sufficient for most aquatic life, however, good fishing waters average about 9.0 PPM.

  4. How Much Oxygen is in the Water? WHY do D.O. levels in the water drop? The main reason DO levels might fall is the presence of organic waste. Organic waste comes from something living or that was once living. It comes from raw or poorly treated sewage; runoff from farms and animal feedlots; and natural sources like decayingaquatic plants and animals and fallen leaves in water. Microscopic organisms, called decomposers, break down the organic waste and useoxygen in the process. Two common types of decomposers are bacteria and protozoa.More waste means more decomposers and more oxygen being used. DO levels can also fall due to any human activity that heats the water.

  5. How Do I Find the pH? pH is the measure of relative acidity or alkalinity of water. Water with a pH of 7 is considered neutral. pH levels less than 7 are acidic, while pH levels higher than 7 are basic (alkaline). The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

  6. How Do I Find the pH? METHOD 1: Use the light blue box! 1.  Rinse tube thoroughly in stream or river.   3. Wearing safety goggles, add eight (8) drops of green indicator solution. Mix sample and solution by inverting tube. 2.Fill tube to the top of the first clear section with sample to be tested. 4. Place sample into color comparator and turn color wheel until sample matches one of the colors on the wheel. Read pH number in window on the front of the black box.  

  7. How Do I Find the pH? METHOD 2 1. Carefully place the sensor in the water and allow to soak. Soaking time allows the sensor to adjust to the water. 3. Take the reading from the LabQuest and record on your data sheet. 2. The glass ball on the sensor is very fragile. Be careful when putting this in the stream.

  8. How Do I Check the Water's Hardness? Method 1 - Hardness Tape 1. Obtain a test strip from teacher. 3. Immediately read on comparator to find grains per gallon (gpg). 2. Hold strip in water for five (5) seconds. 4. Multiply number by 17.1 to find parts per million (ppm).

  9. How Do I Check the Water's Hardness? Method 2 - Hardness Kit 1. Rinse sample bottle 3 times, then fill to 5mL. 4. Add drops from syringe until solution becomes purple. 2. Add 5 drops of buffer solution and swirl. 5. Add one more drop from syringe to turn solution blue. 3. Add 1 drop of calmagite (purple) solution. 6. Using the number on the syringe, mulitply by 300 then divide by 17.1 This will give you an answer in grains per gallon. (Your Outdoor School teacher will help with this test).

  10. How Do I Check the Water's Hardness? The hardness of water is determined by the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium present. The "hardness" is measured in grains of hardness per gallon of water. Hard water in the home makes it difficult to lather soap and can be harmful to pipes and plumbing fixtures. High levels of calcium can not only make the water very hard it can also raise pH.

  11. Turbidity - How Clear is that Water? METHOD 1: Visually observe stream or river Visually observe whether the water is clear, cloudy, or muddy: Clear   Objects on bottom of stream can be seen clearly Cloudy  Objects on bottom of stream can be detected but not identified MuddyObjects on bottom cannot be seen  

  12. Turbidity - How Clear is that Water? METHOD 2:Using a nephelometer (turbidimeter) 1. Put water sample to be tested in nephelometer bottle. 4. Push the "Read" button. 2. Wipe outside of bottle with soft, clean cloth - be sure to remove all fingerprints, etc. 5. Record results in NTUs (nephelometric turbidity units). 3. Gently place bottle into the nephelometer (turbidimeter). Turbidity                     Approximate reading in NTUs Clear0-3 NTUs Cloudy                             4-12 NTUs Muddy12 NTUs

  13. Turbidity - How Clear is that Water? *Turbidity is the amount of solid particles suspended in water that causes light rays shining through the water to scatter. *Too much turbidity will make water cloudy or in the extreme case, muddy. *Turbidity is measured accurately with a nephelometer (turbidimeter) in units called nephelometric turbidity units, or NTUs. *Most states limit drinking water to a maximum of .5 NTUs, however usually drinking water is .1 NTUs or less. *High levels of turbidity can affect aquatic life in several ways. Too much turbidity might make it difficult for plants to complete photosynthesis, which in turn affects the amount of dissolved oxygen. If the levels get too low the algae and plants may die which then decays which uses more oxygen making the problem even worse. *Too much silt can also clog the gills of fish and other organisms. Large suspended particles may create a place for harmful bacteria to live. Fish cannot see well in turbid water making finding food difficult.  

  14. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS) Using a TDS meter 2. Place the meter in the water so water level is between the "min" and "max" lines. Hold the meter in the water for 30 seconds. Record the amount of TDS in parts per million (ppm). 1. Press button on top to turn meter on. Release the button to use meter (should read "0" when not in water). “Aquatic life depends upon a constant TDS level for a variety of reasons.  For example, dissolved calcium affects how easily water can flow into and out of organism’s cells.  High TDS levels can cause water balance problems for organisms.  Low TDS levels may limit growth of aquatic life.  Phytoplankton and floating aquatic plants, for example, absolutely require the nitrates and phosphates dissolved in the water because they have no roots to take up those nutrients.” Taken from Watershed Watchdogs,  part of Bridging the Watershed by the Alice Ferguson Foundation.

  15. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS) Ponds, streams, and rivers all contain dissolved materials.  Rocks, minerals, and substances such as salt from streets (found in the winter time), and fertilizers from lawns can all be dissolved then found in our water.  Wastewater treatment plants can also add phosphorous, nitrogen, and organic material that can increase the amount of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).  High TDS levels can make water taste like minerals and make it unpleasant to drink. Rainwater – TDS levels are less than 10ppm. Rivers – TDS levels typically between 100ppm and 2,000ppm. Treatment plants - try to be less than 500ppm

  16. What's the Temperature? 1. Open the thermometer probe. 3. Hold thermometer in water for about 30 seconds. Be careful not to get black part wet.  Record temperature*. 2. Measure the air temperature in the shade. Hold for approximately 2 minutes.  Record temperature*. *Push the button to change from Celsius to Fahrenheit – record both. * All temperatures should be rounded to the nearest degree.

  17. What's the Temperature? There are many factors that affect water temperature. *The color of the water: dark, murky water will absorb more heat making it warmer while clear water will generally be cooler. *How deep the water is: Deeper water will be cooler than shallow water. *Other variables are the amount of shade water receives, where the water is located worldwide, the time of the year, the temperature of the water supplying the waterway, and the amount of water. *Most aquatic organisms are cold-blooded and therefore usually become more active in warmer water. Fish and other aquatic organism usually have their own optimum, or best, temperature. If the temperature varies too much from their optimum, they may have trouble surviving.

  18. What's the Temperature? You will find that although most narrow bodies of water are shallow enough to allow penetration of sunlight, the water temperature is quite low. One factor which contributes to this is the heavy growth of vegetation shading the stream, preventing the sun from warming the water. The most significant cooling factor is the rapid rate of evaporation. Think about how you would stir a hot liquid to increase surface area from which evaporation can take place, resulting in faster cooling of the liquid. Can you think of another example?

  19. What's the Speed of the Water? The rate of flow of water is measured in centimeters per second, CM/Sec. Rate of flow is extremely important since it can affect many other factors. For instance the amount of dissolved oxygen is directly related to the speed of the water. Other factors such as temperature and sediment types are both influenced by the speed of the water.

  20. What's that Sediment? Sediment is the type of material found on the bottom of a river or stream. It ranges from very fine silt through large boulders. You may have any combination of types of sediment, however it is usually determined by the speed of the water. Silt – very fine particles – feels squishy. Sand – slightly larger – feels gritty Gravel – up to the size of a U.S. quarter Stones – up to the size of a baseball Boulders – anything bigger than a stone

  21. What's the Speed of the Water? 1. Place the flow meter in the stream for 30 seconds. Press the "play" button on the LabQuest. 2. After 30 seconds, use the LabQuest to determine the mean for rate of flow. OR Use the formula below to calculate flow rate: cm/sec = (counts/minute x .0854) + 5 OR use the graph to extrapolate the rate.

  22. Measure that Tree! Growing conditions for plants change from place to place. To demonstrate how trees are affected by different habitats, we will measure trees of similar age and type at various locations. Think about which conditions may be best for plant and tree growth. 1. Using a metric tape measure, measure from the ground up to a height of 137 cm. 2. At that point, measure girth (circumference) of tree and record on data sheet.

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