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Determination of human pharmaceutical and synthetic hormones in STPs effluents along Selangor River and Klang River. Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria Mustafa Ali and Najat Ahmed AL-odaini. Pharmaceuticals are : Biologically active compounds
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Determination of human pharmaceutical and synthetic hormones in STPs effluents along Selangor River and Klang River Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria Mustafa Ali and Najat Ahmed AL-odaini
Pharmaceuticals are: • Biologically active compounds • Covers a complex class of widely used compounds as human and veterinary medicine, in agriculture and aquaculture • Exposed to the environment with very little attention • They received little attention because they are not regulated as environmental pollutants
Pharmaceuticals, bioactive natural wastes and known toxic compounds Pharmaceuticals : Chloramphenicol, sulphonamides Bioactive natural wastes: Estrogens Known toxic compounds: Paraquat POPS
General analytical technique used in pharmaceutical analysis in aqueous environmental matrices (1 liter water sample) and Storage at 4 ºc filtration to remove particulate mater Sample pretreatment (Add Na2EDTA/HCl) Extraction using solid phase extraction (MCX) Analysis using LC/MS/MS
Method development and optimization Three main steps in the analytical technique must be optimized in the following order: • MS/MS Parameters • LC method • Solid phase extraction