The Sandwich Miss Williams’ approach to using sources in writing

The SandwichMiss Williams’ approach to using sources in writing YUM!

APA Format • Method of organizing sources when writing and researching

APA Format • Reference Page: list of all sources used in paper • In-text citation (aka: parenthetical documentation): briefly citing a source in the body of a paper. The in-text citation directs you to the fully detailed entry on the reference page.

In-text citation • Needs 3 pieces of information: • Author last name • Publish date • Page number of specific detail used Always entered in the text of your body paragraphs Ex: (Smith, 2010, p. 21)

Reference Page Entry • Last page of paper/document • Alphabetical • Information needed depends on type of source

Reference Page Ex. for Book: Smith, J. (2010). Smith’s guide to penguins. New York: New York Finest Publishing Ex. for Website: Williams, A. B. (2012, Jan. 4). The top ten facts about life. Retrieved: Feb. 20, 2012 from www.life.com

Three ways to use a source • Paraphrase • Summary • Direct Quote

Paraphrase • Someone else’s ideas in your own words • must be cited with in-text citation (parenthetical documentation)

Summary • Broad description of someone else’s ideas in your own words. • Hits the main idea(s) of a source • must have parenthetical documentation.

Direct Quotes • Direct quote is word-for-word what is written in the original source. • Must have parenthetical documentation • Must include quotations “ ” • Should be used only when a paraphrase will not get across the same idea or effect. (such as if the source’s wording is unique)

Buying Food with Cash or Plasticby Tara Parker-Pope “In part of their study, the authors looked at the shopping behavior of a random sample of 1,000 single-member households who normally shop at chain stores. The authors looked at what these households purchased over a six-month period on each visit to the store, and how they paid for their items. Most of the households switched between card and cash payments on different trips (but the researchers did not randomly assign one form of payment versus another, so there may be some other lurking variables at play). In this analysis, consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card.”

Paraphrase Example Original: “In part of their study, the authors looked at the shopping behavior of a random sample of 1,000 single-member households who normally shop at chain stores. The authors looked at what these households purchased over a six-month period on each visit to the store, and how they paid for their items. Most of the households switched between card and cash payments on different trips (but the researchers did not randomly assign one form of payment versus another, so there may be some other lurking variables at play). In this analysis, consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card.” Paraphrase: According to Tara Parker-Pope of the New York Times, a new study which examined the shopping habits of 1,000 people over six months has discovered that people are more likely to buy unhealthy foods with a credit card than they are with cash (2010).

Summary Example Original: In part of their study, the authors looked at the shopping behavior of a random sample of 1,000 single-member households who normally shop at chain stores. The authors looked at what these households purchased over a six-month period on each visit to the store, and how they paid for their items. Most of the households switched between card and cash payments on different trips (but the researchers did not randomly assign one form of payment versus another, so there may be some other lurking variables at play). In this analysis, consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card. Summary: In an article in The New York Times, Tara Parker-Pope writes that a new study has proven people are more likely to buy unhealthy food when using a credit card (2010).

Direct Quote sample Original: In part of their study, the authors looked at the shopping behavior of a random sample of 1,000 single-member households who normally shop at chain stores. The authors looked at what these households purchased over a six-month period on each visit to the store, and how they paid for their items. Most of the households switched between card and cash payments on different trips (but the researchers did not randomly assign one form of payment versus another, so there may be some other lurking variables at play). In this analysis, consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card. According to a six month study on people’s spending habits, “consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card” (Parker-Pope 2010).

The Research Sandwich Your ideas Quote, paraphrase or summary from source Your explanation of how this information relates to your topic and your overall point (your thesis)

Example Sandwich If I were writing a paper with the thesis: There are many factors that influence a person to buy and eat unhealthy food. This paper will discuss some of the reasons that drive people’s choices.

The Sandwich Paraphrase In our society people are constantly focused on coming up with new ways to resist the temptation of unhealthy foods. According to the New York Times, one study may suggest an answer- start using cash. The study examined the shopping habits of 1,000 people over six months and discovered that shoppers are more likely to buy unhealthy foods with a credit card than they are with cash (Parker-Pope 2010). Though many people use plastic payment methods because of how easy they are, it appears that credit cards are an excuse for some to buy unhealthy junk food and cash may be a better way to go.

The Sandwich Paraphrase In our society people are constantly focused on coming up with new ways to resist the temptation of unhealthy foods. According to the New York Times, one study may suggest an answer- start using cash. The study examined the shopping habits of 1,000 people over six months and discovered that shoppers are more likely to buy unhealthy foods with a credit card than they are with cash (Parker-Pope 2010). Though many people use plastic payment methods because of how easy they are, it appears that credit cards are an excuse for some to buy unhealthy junk food and cash may be a better way to go. YUM!

References Parker-Pope, T. (2010, Oct. 19). Buying food with cash or plastic. New York Times. Retrieved Oct. 19, 2010 from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com

The Sandwich Miss Williams’ approach to using sources in writing