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Hiberno-English

Hiberno-English. Nadine und Yvonne Kornetzki Nina Siebert Senta Wegener. Content. Definition History Pronunciation Grammar “The Ballad of the Sick Note“. Definition: Hiberno-English.

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Hiberno-English

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  1. Hiberno-English Nadine und Yvonne Kornetzki Nina Siebert Senta Wegener

  2. Content • Definition • History • Pronunciation • Grammar • “The Ballad of the Sick Note“

  3. Definition: Hiberno-English • Form of the English language that is used in Ireland, also called Irish English and sometimes Anglo-Irish • In Irish, the language is called Gaeilge • 3 main dialects spoken in the regions of Ulster, Munster, Connacht • 1.4 million Irish speakers in Ireland (3.9 million inhabitants  ~35%)

  4. History • 16th and 17th centuries: English and Scots were sent to Ireland by the motherland in order to take over Ireland as a new colony • Colonists took over land, oppressed Irish language  official language: English • 1996: Irish became official language in Ireland besides English

  5. Irish Alphabet: Lord‘s Prayer (historical)

  6. Irish Alphabet: Lord‘s Prayer (modern)

  7. Pronunciation: Vowels • In some varieties (Southern Irish English) the vowels in father and bother merge to /a:/ • Slender vowels “i“,“e“ • Broad vowels “a“,“o“,“u“ •  influences consonant pronunciation

  8. Pronunciation: Consonants • Generally Rhotic Accent • In some varieties /ð/ and /d/ merge like in then and den • /Ω/ sound for “oo“ may be changed to /u:/ (book /bΩk/ -> /bu:k/)

  9. Pronunciation: Consonants • Consonants are surrounded by slender or broad vowels (Caol le caol, leathan le leathan -“Slender with slender, broad with broad“) • English: Words with no other difference between them than p vs. b (pin and bin) or t vs. d (tin and din) • Hiberno: Words with no other difference between them than broad b vs. slender b, or broad p vs. slender p, etc.

  10. Pronunciation: Consonants Examples: • d:docht – tight (broad) vs. deoch - a drink (slender) • s: suí- sitting down (broad) vs. sí – she,her (slender)

  11. Grammar • Indo-European language with the same inherited grammatical categories as other languages of this family. • Verb – Subject – Object structure Tá snámh   go maith dhuit is to-swim good  for-you

  12. Grammar Statements and Questions • Negative Statements: "Ní“ is added before the verb e.g. Ní thugigim. I do not understand. • Direct Questions: "An" is added before the verb e.g. An dtuigeann tú? Do you understand?

  13. Grammar Responses • Irish repeats the verb of the question instead of using yes or no • e.g. “Will you come?“ – “I will.“ “Is your mobile charged?“ – “It isn‘t.“ • Alternatively: “Aye“ for “Yes“

  14. Grammar Verbal Noun • Instead of an infinitive each verb has an associated verbal noun: Is maith liom    snámh      [is mah' l'um sna:v]        is good  with-me to-swim         "I like to swim„ Tá snámh   go maith dhuit   [ta: sna:v g@ mah' yit']        is to-swim good  for-you         "Swimming is good for you"

  15. Grammar • Irish equivalent of “to be“ has two present tenses (present tense proper (generally true) <-> habitual present (repeated actions)) • e.g. “You are [now, or generally]“ – tá tú “You are [repeatedly]“ – bíonn tú

  16. Dear Sir, I write this note to you to tell you of me plight And at the time of writing I am not a pretty sight Me body is all black and blue, me face a deathly gray And I write this note to say why Paddy’s not at work today. While working on the fourteenth floor, some bricks I had to clear Now to throw them down from such a height was not a good idea The foreman wasn’t very pleased, he being an awkward – sod He said I’d have to cart them down the ladders in my hod Clearing all these bricks by hand it was so very slow So I hoisted up a barreland secured the ropebelow But in me haste to do the job I was too blind to see That a barrel full of building bricks was heavier than me. So when I untied the rope the barrel fell like lead And clinging tightly to the rope I started up instead I shot up like a rocket till to my dismay I found That half way up I met the bloody barrel coming down. “The Ballad of the Sick Note“ by The Dubliners

  17. Well, the barrel broke me shoulder as to the ground it sped And when I reached the top I banged the pulley with me head Well, I clung on tight though numb with shock from this almighty blow And the barrel spilled out half the bricks fourteen floors below. When these bricks had fallen from the barrel to the floor I then outweighed the barrel and so started down once more Still clinging tightly to the rope I sped towards the ground And I landed on the broken bricks that were all scattered round. I lay there groaning on the ground, I thought I’d passed the worst When the barrel hit the pulley wheel and then the barrel burst Well, a shower of bricks rained down on me: I hadn’t got a hope As I lay there moaning on the ground, I let go the bloody rope. The barrel then being heavier it started down once more And landed right across me as I lay upon the floor Well, it broke three ribs and me left arm and I can only say: That I hope you’ll understand why Paddy’s not at work today. “The Ballad of the Sick Note“ by The Dubliners

  18. What is Irish about “The sick note“ ? • Ballad is composed in the form of an old unaccompanied traditional Irish folksong • Folk music is associated with a lower class in societies • Traditional epic poetry was meant originally for oral performance only - uncommercial origin • Subjects of folk songs : hymns and other forms of religious music, work songs or jody calls- sung by soldiers while marching

  19. What is Irish about “The sick note“ ? • Epic quality: the amount of detail given of the work and of what went wrong • Dramatic build-up in the recounting of the string of misfortunes • No sense of shame, no self-pity (besides his injuries) • Singer takes a pleasure in presenting himself as an misfortunate idiot • Composed for the entertainment of accident victim’s friends and designed to secure liberation from hard labour • Example of a decidedly un-Protestant work ethos

  20. References • Beginner‘s Guide to Irish Gaelic Pronunciation <http://www.standingstones.com/gaelpron.html> (visited 15/05/2006) • Central Statistics Office Ireland. <www.cso.ie> (visited 15/05/2006) • Filppula, Markku. The Grammar of Irish English. Language in Hibernian style. London: Routledge, 1999. • Fios Feasa: The Irish Language <http://www.fiosfeasa.com/bearla/language/intro.htm> (visited 15/05/2006) • Harris, John. Phonological variation and change. Studies in Hiberno-English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. • Irish Language Information and Resources. http://www.daltai.com/home.htm (visited 17/05/2006 • Über die irische Sprache <www.braesicke.de/gaelige.htm> (visited 15/05/2006) • <http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/lili/personen/fleischmann/308_irl_notes_sicknote.htm>

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