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Constructing Geologic Cross-Sections: A Practical Guide

Learn how to create accurate geologic cross-sections based on surface and sub-surface data for structural analysis. Discover the step-by-step process from selecting a line of section to adding geologic data and interpreting apparent dips. Avoid common pitfalls and ensure reliable results.

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Constructing Geologic Cross-Sections: A Practical Guide

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  1. Geologic Cross-Sections

  2. Cross Sections are Based on Surface and Sub-Surface Data

  3. Sub-Surface Interpretation (3-D)

  4. Constructing a Cross-Section • choose a line of section (perpendicular to structures)

  5. Cross-Section Construction Cont… 2. transfer topographic data (topographic profile with no vertical exaggeration)

  6. Structural Data – (Apparent) Dips 3. add structural data to the topographic profile

  7. Add the Geology! 4. add geologic data (contacts) to the profile; dash in eroded structures above present-day topography

  8. Apparent Dip

  9. True Dip & Apparent Dip

  10. = apparent dip = angle between strike and apparent dip direction = true dip Apparent to True Dip Trigonometry

  11. ( ) Calculating Apparent Dip from True Dip

  12. Apparent Dip “Nomogram”

  13. True Dip to Apparent Dip – the Easy Way!

  14. Cross Section “Rules” • calculate apparent dips of beds that are not perfectly perpendicular to your section line • DO NOT use vertical exaggeration • don’t extrapolate structural data too far from your section line • dash in eroded structures above the present-day topography • don’t extend dip data more than a few hundred meters in depth

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