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Catalyst

Catalyst. What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond? Name Na 2 O. Name NO 3 . How many grams are in 4 moles of CH 4 ? Balance and classify the following reaction: Mg + O 2  MgO. Let’s come together.

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Catalyst

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  1. Catalyst What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond? Name Na2O. Name NO3. How many grams are in 4 moles of CH4? Balance and classify the following reaction: Mg + O2 MgO

  2. Let’s come together A SYNTHESIS (COMPOSITION) REACTION is two reactants come together to form one compound • General: A + B  AB • Example: 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl  +

  3. Practice • Predict the products of a synthesis reaction. • What are the reactants? • Al + O2 ? • What are the products? • It’s a synthesis reaction, so we know Al and O are going to “hook up” to make a compound…. • You need to KRISS KROSS to figure out the correct compound that was made! Al (s) + O2 (g)  Al3+O2- Al2O3 AlO

  4. I don’t think this is working out… A DECOMPOSITION REACTION is one in which one reactant breaks apart into two or more products General: AB  A + B Example: CaCO3 CaO + CO2  +

  5. A SINGLE-REPLACEMENT REACTION is when one element or ion is swapped. • There are always 2 reactants and two products. • One reactant is alone and a different element is alone in the products. • General: A + BX  AX + B • Example: KI + Cl2 KCl + I2

  6. No, Ni is below Na Yes, Li is above Zn Yes, Al is above Cu Yes, Fe is above Cu Reactivity Series Metals near the top are most reactive and will displacing metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? 1. Fe + CuSO4  2. Ni + NaCl  3. Li + ZnCO3  4. Al + CuCl2  Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3

  7. No, I is below Cl Yes, F is above Br Reactivity of Halogens • The same goes for halogens • More active halogens will replace less active halogens • Q: Which of these will react? F2 (g) + 2 NaBr (aq)  I2 (g) + 2 KCl (aq)  2 NaF (aq) + Br2 (l) NR (no reaction)

  8. Example Write down the following reactants. Then, predict the products of the reactions. • Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq)  • Br2 (l) + MgCl2 (aq)  • Mg (s) + AlCl3 (aq) 

  9. Swing Fever! A DOUBLE-REPLACEMENT REACTION is one in which ions switch places. You must KRISS-KROSS to write ALL formulas! • General: AX + BY  AY + BX • Example: K2CO3 + CuSO4 CuCO3+ K2SO4

  10. Let’s think about the positive and the negative…cations and anions AX + BYAY + BX A and B are cations (positively charged) X and Y are anions (negatively charged) You can see the anions have switched places and are now bonded to the other cations in the reaction

  11. DON’T FORGET! For which reactions do I need to use KrissKross? Synthesis Single Replacement Double Replacement Which elements are diatomic when they are by themselves (have a subscript of two)? Hydrogen (H2) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Chlorine (Cl2) Fluorine (F2) Bromine (Br2) Iodine (I2)

  12. It’s getting hot in here… A COMBUSTION REACTION is when any reactant with C and H in it reacts with O2 to produce CO2 and H2O A hydrocarbon and oxygen are always the reactants Carbon dioxide and water are always the products! General: CxHx+ O2  CO2+ H2O Example: C3H8+ O2  CO2 + H2O

  13. Combustion ExamplesPredict products of the reactions! CH4(g) + O2(g)  C2H2(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

  14. Identify the reactions! Identify the reactions! Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion 1. PbCl2 + AgNO3 Pb(NO3)2 + AgCl 2. NH3 + HCl NH4 Cl 3. Al2S3 Al + S8 4. Zn + S8ZnS 5. H2SO4 + Fe  H2 + FeSO4 6. C4H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O

  15. Predict the Products - Synthesis NH3 + HCl NH4 Cl Zn + S8ZnS Na + F2 BALANCE! HINT!! When you are making the products, think of the elements without subscripts, then do krisskross to find the subscript!

  16. Predict the Products - Decomposition Al2S3 Al + S8 MgO

  17. Predict the Products – Single Replacement H2SO4 + Fe  H2 + FeSO4 Na + CaF2 Na + CaCO3

  18. Predict the Products - double replacement PbCl2+ AgNO3 Pb(NO3)2 + AgCl NaOH + CuSO4 Li2SO4 + MgCl2

  19. Predict the Products- Combustion C4H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O C12H22+ O2

  20. Don’t Forget!! Kriss-kross changes to find your subscripts in a synthesis (combination, composition), single replacement, or double replacement reaction 1 mol = 6.022 x 1023 atoms, molecules, particles 1 mol = 22.4 L The only way you can convert between different substances is by converting to the mole first!

  21. Physical vs. Chemical Changes PHYSICAL CHANGE No new substance formed Phase changes Examples: melting ice, tearing, cutting, ripping KIPP CHEMICAL CHANGE NEW substance formed New chemical properties New composition Examples: fire, rusting,

  22. Balancing Chemical Equations Come to tutoring if you don’t know how to do this! YOU MUST KNOW HOW TO DO THIS! You WILL FAIL THE FINAL IF YOU DON’T KNOW HOW TO BALANCE A CHEMICAL EQUATION!

  23. Identify the reactions! Identify the reactions! Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion PbCl2 + AgNO3 Pb(NO3)2 + AgCl Al2S3 Al + S8 Zn + S8ZnS H2SO4 + Fe  H2 + FeSO4 C4H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O

  24. Predict the Products MgO NaOH+ CuSO4 Li2SO4+ MgCl2 C12H22+ O2 Na + CaF2 Na + CaCO3

  25. Stoichiometry Tips In every problem, you are going to start with your given at the top left! No matter what! You want all unwanted units to cancel! This means they need to be diagonal to each other. You cannot go from moles of one substance to grams of another in one conversion factor!

  26. One Step Converting between moles and liters of one substance (1 mole= 22.4 L) Converting between moles and atoms (particles, molecules) of one substance (1 mole= 6.022x1023 atoms) Converting between grams and moles of one substance (the same substance)(use molar mass as the conversion factor) Converting between the moles of different substances(use the mole ratio (from the balanced chemical equation as the conversion factor))

  27. Two Step Grams to Moles (of a different substance) 4 P + 5O2 2P2O5 50 grams of O2 would be needed to react with how many moles of P? Moles to Grams (of a different substance) 4 P + 5O22P2O5 How many grams of diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) would 5 moles of O2 yield?

  28. Three Step Grams of one substance to grams of another The conversions will be: molar mass, mole ratio, molar mass respectively

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