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THE ROCK CYCLE

THE ROCK CYCLE. A REVIEW: THE PROCESSES THAT CHANGE ROCKS. Weathering: breaks down rocks into tiny mineral grains or sediments. Erosion: moves the sediments by wind or water. Layers of sediments pile up. Over time, the pressure of compaction turns the sediments into sedimentary rock.

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THE ROCK CYCLE

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  1. THE ROCK CYCLE

  2. A REVIEW: THE PROCESSES THAT CHANGE ROCKS • Weathering: breaks down rocks into tiny mineral grains or sediments. • Erosion: moves the sediments by wind or water. Layers of sediments pile up. Over time, the pressure of compaction turns the sediments into sedimentary rock. • Heat: Melts the rocks. • Pressure (Compaction): Compacts the rocks together.

  3. WHAT IS THE ROCK CYCLE • The rock cycle shows how rocks are created and how they change over time • Each type of rock we have learned about can change into any of the other types of rocks

  4. In your notes… Metamorphic Rock Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock

  5. Let’s start with igneous rock

  6. IGNEOUS ROCK  SEDIMENTARY ROCK • When LAVA cools, igneous rock is formed • This rock is then exposed to elements such as wind and water • Wind and water can break down igneous rock into smaller pieces called sediment

  7. Let’s start with igneous rock

  8. IGNEOUS ROCK  SEDIMENTARY ROCK • Over time those pieces of sediment compact and cement over time (compaction & cementation) to form… Sedimentary rock!

  9. Let’s start with igneous rock

  10. IGNEOUS ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK • All rocks can be heated! AND…THE EARTH PRODUCES A LOT OF HEAT • Inside of the earth there is heat from pressure and this heat bakes the rocks • The igneous rocks below the earth’s surface do not melt, but they change form because the crystals in the rock change when subjected to heat • Tectonic plate movement (more on this in quarter 2!) also produces a large amount of heat which then create mountains of metamorphic rock

  11. Let’s start with igneous rock

  12. Now let’s look at metamorphic rock

  13. METAMORPHIC SEDIMENTARY • METAMORPHIC ROCKS can turn into SEDIMENTARY rocks • This happens when metamorphic rocks are exposed to the elements (wind/water) and break down into pieces of sediment • The sediment compacts into layers and eventually new sedimentary rock forms

  14. Now let’s look at metamorphic rock

  15. METAMORPHICIGNEOUS • METAMORPHIC ROCKS can turn into IGNEOUS rocks • Rocks inside of the earth can melt down into magma and eventually come out of the rock in the form of lava • When this lava hardens and cools, we have IGNEOUS rock

  16. Now let’s look at metamorphic rock

  17. And finally…sedimentary rock

  18. SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC • SEDIMENTARY rocks can become metamorphic rocks • When sedimentary rocks are forced back inside of the earth, the crystals within the rock change because of the intense heat

  19. And finally…sedimentary rock

  20. SEDIMENTARY IGNEOUS • SEDIMENTARY rocks can become IGNEOUS rocks • At plate boundaries, or inside of volcanoes, sedimentary rocks can melt down and become part of a lava stream • Once coming out onto the earth’s surface, these rocks will be altered and now called igneous rocks

  21. And finally…sedimentary rock

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