Unit 4 Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s)

1. Unit 4 Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s) /m, n, N / /w, j, r / / l /

2. Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s) Like the stops, the nasals are all made by closing the vocal tract at some point in the mouth. Unlike the stops or any other sounds in the language, there is an opening into the nasal cavity in the pronunciation so that the sound can be resonated through the nose. The nasal consonants are /m/, /n/, and //. /w/, /r/, and /j/ are called approximants because it is an articulation in which the articulators approach each other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a "complete" consonant such as a stop, nasal or fricative. /l/ is called a "lateral" because during its pronunciation, the passage of air through the mouth does not go in the usual way along the centre of the tongue

6. Speaking Exercise1: A. p39

7. /l/-/r/ ，/r/和 ri (日)对比 练习:/liru/ & /luri/rural, lull, really, leery

8. Allophonic variations of /l/ Syllabic syllable: bottle "Clear-l", made with the tongue in the classical fronted position: lease "Dark-l", (the tongue tip and blade in the post alveolar position): call Devoiced in consonant clusters with voiceless stops: play The post-palatal, or velar /l/: milk

9. Comparison between clear and dark