Catalyst – October (4+9-8), 2009

1. Catalyst – October (4+9-8), 2009 Pass up take-home quizzes to the front! Monday Mystery Element! • Named after the inventor of dynamite • Isotopes have half lives ranging from 55 seconds to 58 minutes • First discovered in 1958 at the Nobel Institute of Physics and later by Seaborg and Ghiorso at UC Berkeley

2. Catalyst – October (4+9-8), 2009 Pass up take-home quizzes and science fair notebooks to the front! Monday Mystery Element! • Named after the inventor of dynamite • Isotopes have half lives ranging from 55 seconds to 58 minutes • First discovered in 1958 at the Nobel Institute of Physics and later by Seaborg and Ghiorso at UC Berkeley

3. Catalyst – October (4+9-8), 2009 Monday Mystery Element! • Named after the inventor of dynamite • Isotopes have half lives ranging from 55 seconds to 58 minutes • First discovered in 1958 at the Nobel Institute of Physics and later by Seaborg and Ghiorso at UC Berkeley NOBELIUM

4. Today’s Agenda • Catalyst • New groups • How is the periodic table organized? • Intro Periodic Table Project • Unlock the first secrets of the periodic table • Group work time • Exit Question

5. Projector Front Door 2nd Period Group 1 Neron, Denny, Chelsea J., Joseph Group 3 Tre, Jessica, Antonio, Chelsea C. Group 2 Darren, Jenny, Juan, Brittany T Group 6 T’Keyah, Arethia, Dorian, Keith Group 5 Corian, Elesha, Isaac, Isaiah Group 4 Katty, Whitnie, Sidne, Reshad Group 9 Brittanee, Byron, Robin Group 7 Chris, Timothy, Nicolette, Kerrie Group 8

6. Projector Front Door 3rd Period Group 1 Jonas, Justin, James, Maya Group 3 Tierra, Jeremy, Devone, Sean Group 2 Willie, Bridget, Thien, Michael Group 4 Jalen, David, Maya, Tynisha Group 6 William, Emanuel, Rochelle, Antoinette Group 5 Christian, Jonathon, Jessie, Tonisha

7. Projector Front Door 4th Period Group 3 Brittanny V., Duan, James, Fatina Group 1 Jordan T., Darrionne, Katelynn, Keyera Group 2 De’Jonnaie, Brandon, Shant’a, Kennesha Group 6 Jordan J., Cole, Kathy, Queirra Group 4 Tashica, Phillip, Amanda, Brittany P. Group 5 Davida, Kevin, Dajaelle, Tia Group 7 Stephanie, Kawanna, Anthony, Brett Group 9 Antrashion, Jayde, Lee, Seandell Group 8

8. Objectives • SWBAT analyze the importance of periodic law. • SWBAT distinguish their family from the rest on the periodic table.

9. First things first… You are about to begin a journey to find the secrets of the Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a majestic tool used by scientists all over the world Are you ready? Let’s go.

10. How is it organized? • Each group will receive a baggie of periodic table pieces • With your group, organize the pieces in a logical way • Be ready to explain HOW you organized the pieces

11. Now… • Organize the pieces in order of increasing atomic mass • Also, line them up according to shading

12. What’s missing? Ga Ge These elements were also missing when scientists were putting the periodic table together!

13. The Periodic Table Key Point #1: The periodic table organizes the elements into many different groups based on physical and chemical properties. • We will learn about the major ways to group the elements – by… • Family • Metals/metalloids/nonmetals • Valence Electrons • Atomic size • Electronegativity

14. What does PERIODIC mean? Key Point #2: Periodic means that there is some kind of pattern. • In the Periodic Table, there are numerous patterns • What about in regular life? How could you group the following items in different ways?

16. The Evolution of the Periodic Table • Just like atomic theory, the Periodic Table also has a long history • In the late 1790s, French scientist Antoine Lavoisier compiled a list of elements known at that time - only 23! • In the 1800s, scientists began discovering a ton of elements - up to 70!

17. Evolution Continued New elements meant new data! Scientists needed a way to organize everything!

18. John Newlands (1860s) • Arranged the Periodic Table by increasing ATOMIC MASS • Noticed patterns based on physical and chemical properties - repeated every 8th element • Law of Octaves

19. Newland’s Periodic TableLaw of Octaves

20. Mendeleev (1869) • Arranged elements by increasing ATOMIC MASS into columns based on chemical and physical properties • Left spaces for undiscovered elements • First to publish table

21. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table EMPTY SPACES!

22. Mosely (1913) • Arranged elements by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER • Some of Mendeleev’s elements in the wrong order • Periodic Law

23. Our Periodic Table – Thanks to Mosely

24. Periodic Law • Periodic Law isthe statement that there is a periodic (patterned) repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged in increasing atomic number

25. Periodic Table Review • Why is the periodic table called the “periodic” table? • How did Newlands organize the periodic table? • Who published the first periodic table? • Who developed periodic law?

26. Basic Terms to Know Write these in your notes to remember! • Period – horizontal rows on periodic table • Family/Group – vertical rows on periodic table

27. Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

28. Major Families Noble Gases Alkali Metals Halogens Alkaline Earth Metals H He Be B C N O F Transition Metals Lanthanides Ce Th Actininides

29. Group Work Time • Write down your family – make sure you know what elements you have • Each person should pick his/her individual element • Write down at least 3 characteristics of your family to turn in – put all group members’ names on the paper

30. Alkali Metals Alkali metals are very reactive – even with water! Sodium + Water  EXPLOSION!

31. Alkaline Earth Metals • Alkaline Earth metals are also very reactive • Shiny solids that are harder than Alkali metals • Alkaline Earth Metal Spotlight: CALCIUM • Calcium is essential for human life, especially in maintaining bones and teeth • Found widely in nature combined with oxygen • Abrasives in toothpaste and emery boards • Magnesium Demo!

32. Boron’s Group • Gallium is a silver metal that literally melts in your hand! Don’t try this yourself!

33. Carbon’s Group • Carbon is one of the most important elements on Earth! • There is a whole branch of chemistry dedicated to studying carbon – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY! • If you are a science major in college, you will most likely take Organic • Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth! • Use in computer chips and solar cells • Found in quartz, sand, and glass

34. Nitrogen’s Group • Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids! • Nitrogen, which you breathe, can form some of the most explosive compounds known to man • Arsenic is a toxic substance that was used to treat some illnesses back in the day • Bismuth is used in fire sprinklers

35. Oxygen’s Group • Oxygen • We must breathe oxygen to survive…so it’s pretty important • Reacts with some of the noble gases • Sulfur • Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotten egg • Selenium • Used in solar panels because it can convert light into energy

36. Halogens (Fluorine’s Group) • Fluorine (really fluoride) is added to toothpaste • Chlorine gas is a deathly green gas that was first used as a form of chemical WARFARE in WWII

37. Noble Gases (Helium’s Group) • Noble gases do not react with other elements very often – they are already “happy” • They can be called “inert” because they don’t react • Neon is used in neon lights • Helium Voice!

38. Transition Metals • Conduct electricity • Can form different ions (We’ll learn more about ions later!) • Many found in nature – found all over the world (map on page 200) • Uses • Found in alloys, wires, plastics, etc. • Your body needs trace (small) amounts many of them

39. Research Time • Pick your group’s family • Start researching info about your family • Chapter 7 in your book contains information about each family

40. Exit Question • Why is the periodic table called the “periodic” table? • What is your group’s family? List two characteristics of elements in your group’s family. Homework: Periodic Table Assignment