Colorado Space Grant Consortium

1. Gateway To Space ASEN / ASTR 2500 Class #15 Colorado Space Grant Consortium

2. Gateway To Space ASEN 1400 / ASTR 2500 Class #19 T-32 Colorado Space Grant Consortium

3. Today: • Announcements • Mid Semester Team Evaluations • - Orbits and Mission Design – Part I • Launch is in 32 days

4. Announcements… Grades - Don’t panic Spider? DD Rev A/B Comments -Mission sections should read like a science paper - Cooler test should be fully functional + Dry Ice Bombs - Mission Statements + RFP - Requirement Section – Team #1 - Testing Section – Team #4 - Hardware Section – Team #6

17. Mid Semester Team Evaluations… - Due at the start of class on Thursday - Team of six has 1200 points 200 200 200 200 200 200 Total = 1200 points

18. Mid Semester Team Evaluations… - Say not everyone is pulling their weight 350 150 150 50 200 300 Total = 1200 points

19. Mid Semester Team Evaluations… - I take everyone’s scores and do the math, taking into account how self scoring compares to team score for you 150 150 300 50 350 50 50 200 150 150 350 75 400 400 150 250 350 150 200 25 300 150 150 200 150 200 200 200 350 200 300 300 200 300 150 300

20. Thursday… Orbits and Mission Design – PART II Mid Semester Team Evaluations due in class 30 days to launch Colorado Space Grant Consortium

21. Next Tuesday… Guest Lecture on ADCS Colorado Space Grant Consortium

22. Orbits and Mission Design – Part 1 ASEN 1400 / ASTR 2500 Class #19 Colorado Space Grant Consortium

23. Orbits: A Brief Historical Look

24. Earth, the Moon, Mars, and the Stars Beyond A Brief Discussion on Mission Design

25. Questions: • How fast can you throw a snowball? - A baseball? - A shot put? - A Subway sandwich out a moving car? • Could you throw any of these in to an orbit? - How fast would it have to be going?

26. Universal Gravitation, Applied: • What is an orbit?

27. Questions: • Let’s figure it out… v is velocity G is Universal Gravitational Constant M is mass of planet or satellite R is radius of planet of satellite

28. Universal Gravitation, Applied: • When in space why do you float? i.e. Weightlessness

29. Orbit History: • • 1665 A.D. • Isaac Newton • At 23, plague while at Cambridge • Went to be one with nature • He studied gravity • Discovered “Newton’s Laws of Motion” • 1666, he understood planetary motion • Did zip for 20 years until Edmund Halley

30. Newton’s Laws: 1st Law..... Body at rest stays at rest, a body in motion stay in motion 2nd Law.... F = m * a 3rd Law... For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

31. Newton’s Laws: • Newton Continued... • 1687, Principia Published • Law of Universal Gravitation (Attraction)

32. Newton’s Laws: • Newton Continued... • 1687, Principia Published • Law of Universal Gravitation (Attraction)

33. Universal Gravitation, Applied: • When in space why do you float? i.e. Weightlessness

34. Questions: • Let’s figure it out… v is velocity G is Universal Gravitational Constant M is mass of planet or satellite R is radius of planet of satellite

35. Atmosphere: • How about throwing something into orbit on the moon? golf ball

36. Atmosphere: • Let’s figure it out… v is velocity G is Universal Gravitational Constant M is mass of planet or satellite R is radius of planet of satellite

37. Orbits: A Brief Historical Look Arthur C. Clarke Discovered This Orbit

38. Ancient Orbit History: “ORBIT” from Latin word “orbita” orbitus = circular; orbis = orb • 1800 B.C. Stonehenge - Study of the vernal equinox

39. 1500 B.C.: Egyptians and Babylonians • Written evidence of stellar observations • Solar Calendar of 365 days • Time divided into 60 even units

40. 350 B.C.: Greek Thoughts • Aristotle • Said earth is center of the universe • Dominated scientific thought for 1800 years

41. Start of the Heliocentric Model: • 1543 A.D. • Nicholas Copernicus • Said Sun-centered rotations • Measurements crude but thinking shifts • Didn’t release findings until the end of his life

42. Orbit History : • • 1580 A.D. • Tycho Brahe • Accurate measurements of planets (Mars) as a function of time • Even though telescope had not been invented

43. Orbit History : • 1610 A.D. Galileo Galilei • Good friends with Copernicus • Observations with TELESCOPE reinforced • Discovered Venus has phases

44. Orbit History: • • 1600 A.D. • Johannes Kepler • Used Tycho’s careful Mars observations to smash • Aristotle theories • Presented 3 laws of planetary motion • Basis of understanding of spacecraft motion • However, “Why was not understood” • Calculus?

45. One Minute Report… - Gottfried Leibniz Isaac Newton

46. Orbit History: • Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion: • All planets move in elliptical orbits, sun at one focus

47. Orbit History: • Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion: • All planets move in elliptical orbits, sun at one focus

48. Orbit History: • Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion: • A line joining any planet to the sun, sweeps out equal areas in equal times

49. Orbit History: • Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion: • A line joining any planet to the sun, sweeps out equal areas in equal times

50. Orbit History: • Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion: • The square of the period of any planet about the sun is proportional to the cube of the of the planet’s mean distance from the sun. • If you can observe the period of rotation, you can determine the distance T2 = R3