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Excretion & Waste Management Review

Excretion & Waste Management Review. B11-4-01. Identify the primary metabolic wastes produced in the human body and the source of each. B11-4-01. B11-4-02. Describe the roles of the major excretory structures in eliminating wastes and helping the body maintain homeostasis. B11-4-02. Skin

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Excretion & Waste Management Review

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  1. Excretion & Waste Management Review

  2. B11-4-01 • Identify the primary metabolic wastes produced in the human body and the source of each

  3. B11-4-01

  4. B11-4-02 • Describe the roles of the major excretory structures in eliminating wastes and helping the body maintain homeostasis

  5. B11-4-02 • Skin • Salts & N-based wastes • Lungs • CO2 • Liver/Kidneys (team) • Liver converts poisons & toxins into a form that can be excreted by the kidneys • E.g. Ammonia  urea • Excretion helps remove wastes & maintain the composition of internal fluids this is important because the body is ~60% water

  6. B11-4-03 • Describe the important role of the liver in the process of excretion and the maintenance of homeostasis

  7. B11-4-03 • Converts toxic ammonia (made from the breakdown of proteins and other nitrogenous compounds) into urea • Urea may be excreted • Recycles red blood cells (hemoglobin is reused & bililrubin is excreted) • Detoxifies the blood • Detoxifies drugs & alcohol after digested, but before they reach the rest of the body & cause harm

  8. B11-4-04 • Identify structures of the human urinary system from a diagram, model or specimen, and describe the function of each.

  9. B11-4-04

  10. B11-4-04 Renal artery

  11. B11-4-04

  12. B11-4-04 Fibrous Capsule

  13. B11-4-04

  14. B11-4-04 Medulla

  15. B11-4-04

  16. B11-4-04 Renal Pelvis

  17. B11-4-04

  18. B11-4-04 Renal Column

  19. B11-4-04

  20. B11-4-04 Renal Pyramid

  21. B11-4-04

  22. B11-4-04 Renal Cortex

  23. B11-4-04

  24. B11-4-04 Renal Papilla

  25. B11-4-04

  26. B11-4-04 Ureter

  27. B11-4-04

  28. B11-4-04 Kidney

  29. B11-4-04

  30. B11-4-04 Ureter

  31. B11-4-04

  32. B11-4-04 Urinary Bladder

  33. B11-4-04

  34. B11-4-04 Renal artery

  35. B11-4-04

  36. B11-4-04 Renal Vein

  37. B11-4-04

  38. B11-4-04 Dorsal Aorta

  39. B11-4-04

  40. B11-4-04 Inferior Vena Cava

  41. B11-4-04

  42. B11-4-04 Proximal Convoluted Tubule Glomerulus Bowman’s Capsule Distal Convoluted Tubule Descending Loop of Henle Ascending Loop of Henle Collecting Duct

  43. B11-4-05 • Explain the processes of filtration, reabsorption and secretion in the nephron

  44. B11-4-05 • Filtration • Passage of substances from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule • Process is driven by the filtering effect • Filtrate contains sugar, salt, water & wastes • Passive transport  down concentration gradient

  45. B11-4-05 • Reabsorption • In the PCT & descending loop of henle • Glucose, amino acids, salts and water are reabsorbed • Salts & ions are pumped out of the tubule by active transport  drives water reabsorption due to osmosis • This water is then reabsorbed into the capillaries  back into the body

  46. B11-4-05 • Secretion • Ascending loop of henle & DCT • Movement of wastes from the blood (body) into the nephron by active transport • E.g. Drugs, Hydrogen ions & Nitrogenous wastes

  47. B11-4-06 • Describe the feedback mechanisms associated with water and salt balance and their role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body

  48. B11-4-06 • ADH • Controls water reabsorption by altering tubule permeability • More is released when water levels are low  increase tubule permeability  increase water reabsorption  concentrated urine • Aldosterone • Controls blood pressure by altering nephron reabsorption of salt • Release = increase in blood pressure due to an increase in water reabsorption

  49. B11-4-07 • Describe what types of information can be gained through urinalysis.

  50. B11-4-07 • Urinalysis can determine: • Diabetes • High blood pressure • Urinary tract infection • Nephritis • Decrease in kidney function in general

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