Assignment week 5 ESW

1. Assignment week 5 ESW • Please note the following instructions for this week's assignment. • 1. Select a geographical location in the UK. • 2. Orient yourselves as to the history of this place. The further back you can go the better! When did it first become a significant part of the UK? What were the key moments in its history? What is its current significance to the UK? Etc. • 3. Make sure you chart this history in terms of time, noting the key periods in which it 'came to life'. • 4. Explore how it's geographical location played a role in it's becoming so important. Was it climate? Was it the proximity it had to rivers, geological resources? Was it flat or mountainous?

2. Jersey

4. Jersey Facts • Administratively, Jersey is divided into twelve parishes. All border on the sea. They were named after the Christian saints to whom their ancient parish churches were dedicated. • The population consists for 50% out of Jerseyman and woman, who were born in Jersey and whose family has lived there for several generations. For 31 % it consists of other Britons coming from the UK who settled in Jersey. The third largest ethnic group are Portuguese descendents/ immigrants.

5. Jersey facts • Jersey is a British crown dependency, which means that it is a possession of the British Crown. It is part of the British Isles but it is not part of the British overseas territories. It is also not part of the UK neither part of the EU. • Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. The UK and the British Crown do not interfere with Jersey’s internal governing, though the UK is responsible for the Island’s military defense and it’s international affairs. • From time to time there are debates going on in the States of Jersey about separating the Island from the British Crown and the interference of the UK

6. Jersey facts. • Jersey has its own currency, often referred to as the Jersey pound, with its own depictions on its banknotes and coins. The Jersey pound however has exactly the same currency value as the British pound. • The island of Jersey has an area of 119 square kilometres, with 70 kilometres of coastline. • In many parts of the Island the euro is also an accepted currency, mainly because of the positioning of the Island (close to France) and because there are many tourists coming from the mainland. • The official languages in Jersey are English and French. However Jèrriais (an old form of norman french distinct from the official french language) is recognised as a widespread regional language.

7. Earliest History of Jersey • The island took the name Jersey as a result of Viking activity in the area between the 9th and 10th centuries. The Channel Islands remained politically linked to Brittany until 933 when William Longsword, Duke of Normandy seized the Cotentin and the islands and added them to his domain; in 1066 Duke William II of Normandy defeated Harold at Hastings to become king of England; however, he continued to rule his French possessions as a separate entity. • In the Treaty of Paris (1259) the King of France gave up claim to the Channel Islands. The claim was based upon his position as feudal overlord of the Duke of Normandy. The King of England gave up claim to mainland Normandy and appointed a Warden, a position now termed Lieutenant-Governor and a Bailiff to govern in his stead. The Channel Islands were never formally absorbed into the Kingdom of England, however.

8. 14th century • In March 1338, a French force landed on Jersey, intent on capturing the island • The French would not succeed in capturing Jersey during the Hundred Years' War, but did capture Mont Orgueil

9. 15th – 18th century • Because of the island's strategic importance to the English Crown the islanders were able to negotiate a number of benefits for themselves from the king. During the Wars of the Roses the island was occupied by the French for seven years (1461–68) before Sir Richard Harliston arrived in the island to claim it back for the English king. • Towards the end of the 17th century Jersey strengthened its links with the Americans when many islanders emigrated to New England and north east Canada. The Jersey merchants built up a thriving business empire in the fisheries.

10. 18th century • The 18th century was a period of political tension between Britain and France as the two nations clashed all over the world as their ambitions grew. Because of its position Jersey was more or less on a continuous war footing. • During the American Wars of Independence there were two attempted invasions of the island. In 1779 the Prince of Orange William V was prevented from landing at St Ouen's Bay; on 6 January 1781, a force led by Baron de Rullecourt captured St Helier in a daring dawn raid, but was defeated by a British army led by Major Francis Peirson in the Battle of Jersey. • A short lived peace was followed by the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars which, when they had ended, had changed Jersey for ever. In 1799-1800, over 6000 Russian troops under the command of Charles du Houx de Viomesnil were quartered in Jersey after an evacuation of Holland.

11. 19th - 20th century • Jersey was the 4th largest ship building area in the 19th century British Isles building over 900 vessels around the island. In the late 19th century as the former thriving cider and wool industries declined, island farmers benefited from the development of two luxury products. • - The Jersey cow and the Jersey Royal potato. The former was the product of careful and selective breeding programs; the latter being a total fluke. • English was first permitted in debates in the States of Jersey in 1901 and the first legislation to be drawn up primarily in English was the Income Tax Law of 1928.

12. Summary • Select a geographical location in the UK. Jersey 2. Orient yourselves as to the history of this place. The further back you can go the better! When did it first become a significant part of the UK? What were the key moments in its history? What is its current significance to the UK? Etc. -Between the 10th and 18th century the English and French waged war over Jersey. -In the 18th century a lot of migration went via Jersey because of the good contact with the Americans. • Jersey has been a popular battleground for multiple countries since its an important vantage point for the UK. - Jersey is a British crown dependency, which means that it is a possession of the British Crown.

13. Summary 3. Make sure you chart this history in terms of time, noting the key periods in which it 'came to life'. • 10th century the start of the war between England and France over Jersey. • 1260 the king of France gave up the claim over the canal islands. • 13th century during the hundred age war the French failed to take over Jersey. • 15th century French captured Jersey during the war of the roses. But was quickly retaken seven years later. • 17th century A large migration stream of Britons goes from Jersey to America. • 18th century constant war over Jersey • 19th century Jersey had the Jersey cow, which was good for the economy.

14. Summary 4. Explore how it's geographical location played a role in it's becoming so important. Was it climate? Was it the proximity it had to rivers, geological resources? Was it flat or mountainous? • Jersey’s geographical location is so important because of the distance from France and England. • Jersey Is an island, So it was easy to trade with other countries because of the naval developments. • Jersey has some mountains in the north but the south is considered to be ‘lowlands’.

15. Resources: • Author unknown, publishing date unknown, title of article; ‘Government’ , retrieved from http://www.thisisjersey.com/island-life/laws-and-admin/government/ • Author wikipedia, article last modified on 27/09/2013, title;‘Jersey’. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey • Author unknown. Publishing date 2013 title ,‘about jersey’, retrieved from http://www.selectrecruitment.je/Where-to-Find-Us/About-Jersey.htm • Author unknown. Publishing date April 2008 title ,’ Jersey place photos’, retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/jersey/content/image_galleries/mont_orgueil_one_gallery.shtml?2 • Author wikipedia, article last modified on 29/08/ 2013 title , ‘history of Jersey’, retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Jersey