Prednisone

1. Prednisone

2. Production • Prednisone is a man-made steroid and is used to treat many illnesses. • Prednisone is synthesized from cortisone by adding a double bond between C1 and C2. • Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the outer layer, or cortex, of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) • Prednisone can be synthesized by microbiological dehydrogenation of cortisone • http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0813671.html • http://books.google.com/books?id=Jjc7KYWZdOYC&pg=PA355&lpg=PA355&dq=synthesis+of+prednisone+from+cortisone&source=bl&ots=qQ3jHZ7C8x&sig=pVWEfvsoh6vNC1-k5RUjKsnhsXU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zdqzT6udIIGF6QHByOHOCQ&ved=0CF8Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=synthesis%20of%20prednisone%20from%20cortisone&f=false

3. Cortisone to Prednisone http://www.google.com/imgres?q=synthesis+of+cortisone+to+prednisone&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1024&bih=497&tbm=isch&prmd=imvnsb&tbnid=KxPWbaAECOJUmM:&imgrefurl=http://chemprojects263sp11.wikispaces.com/prednisone&docid=Dk1rLX764DP6qM&imgurl=http://chemprojects263sp11.wikispaces.com/file/view/predisone.jpg/236636714/697x520/predisone.jpg&w=467&h=347&ei=EuSzT7r-OYqB6AHk5OHGCQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=291&vpy=170&dur=3338&hovh=193&hovw=261&tx=108&ty=93&sig=117884689874375776312&page=3&tbnh=129&tbnw=174&start=24&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:24,i:132

4. Composition • Prednisone is made of C21H26O5 • Chemically, it is 17,21-dihydroxypregna-1, 4-diene-3,11, 20-trione • Prednisone is a white to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder and has a molecular weight of 358.43. It melts at about 230°C with some decomposition. Prednisone is very slightly soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, chloroform, dioxane, and methanol. http://www.drugs.com/pro/prednisone.html

5. Composition Cont. The Inactive Ingredients of Prednisone • 5 mg of prednisone is made of: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, and talc.   • http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=19543

6. Composition • Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen are the main elements in prednisone. • Carbon is found in the non-metal section of the periodic table, hydrogen in the noble gases, and oxygen in the non-metals.

7. How it works • Prednisone is part of a group of medications called glucocorticoids. • glucocorticoids have numerous affects in the body, they are used mostly for their anti-inflammatory or immune-suppressing properties. • This drug works for most conditions by decreasing inflammation or suppressing an overactive immune system. • It works in myasthenia gravis(MG) by changing the normal action of the body’s immune system. http://drugs.emedtv.com/prednisone/prednisone.html

8. How it works cont. • Prednisone is a man-made replica of cortisone • Cortisone is a steroid that is produced by the outer portion of adrenal glands • Cortisone normally helps regulate the body's salt and water balance and reduces inflammation. • The adrenal glands normally produces an amount of steroids equivalent to about 5 mg. of prednisone a day. • When prescribed in doses that exceed natural levels, prednisone suppresses inflammation and can help treat a variety of diseases. http://www.gihealth.com/html/education/drugs/prednisone.html

9. Side Effects of Prednisone • Bulging eyes • Thin, fragile skin • Increased hair growth • Extreme tiredness • Weak muscles • Heartburn • Trouble sleeping • Increased sweating • Acne • Moon face Common side effects: Nausea Vomiting loss of appetite Headache Dizziness Extreme changes in mood Changes in personality Weight Gain http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601102.html