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Chapter 12 Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Chapter 12 Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat. Anatomy and Physiology. Ear Sensory organ of hearing Nose Sensory organ of smell Mouth and throat Sensory organ of taste First part of digestive system. Anatomy and Physiology The Ear. Anatomy and Physiology The Ear (cont.). External Structures.

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Chapter 12 Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat

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  1. Chapter 12 Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat

  2. Anatomy and Physiology • Ear • Sensory organ of hearing • Nose • Sensory organ of smell • Mouth and throat • Sensory organ of taste • First part of digestive system

  3. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Ear

  4. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Ear (cont.) External Structures • Gather sound waves • Funnel down ear canal to tympanic membrane

  5. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Ear (cont.) • Middle Ear • Tympanic membrane • Ossicles • Malleus • Incus • Stapes • Inner Ear • Hearing Pathway • Cochlea • Semicircular canals • Auditory nerve • CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve) • Equilibrium

  6. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Ear (cont.) Hearing Pathways

  7. The Health History The Ear • Common or concerning symptoms • Hearing loss • Earache • Discharge • Tinnitus • Vertigo

  8. The Health HistoryThe Ear (cont.) • Ear history • Hearing loss? • Conduction versus sensorineural • Earaches? • Frequency, sharp, dull • Discharge? • Ear wax, pus, smell

  9. The Health HistoryThe Ear (cont.) • Ear history • Tinnitus? • Which ear, frequency, other symptoms • Vertigo? • Clarify patient’s definition/understanding • Frequency, other symptoms, effect on daily life

  10. The Health HistoryThe Ear (cont.) • Past history • Hearing loss • Removal of cerumen • “Swimmer’s ear” • Surgery • Trauma • Infection • Noise exposure • History of disease

  11. The Health HistoryThe Ear (cont.) • Family history • Hearing loss • Allergies • Smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke

  12. The Health HistoryThe Ear (cont.) • Lifestyle Habits • Occupation/hobbies/activities • Use of listening devices • Use of loud tools • Use of ear plugs/ear protection • Use of hearing aids • Medication and/or drug use that interfere with hearing or cause dizziness

  13. Lumps On or Near the Ear Keloid Chondrodermatitis Helicis

  14. Lumps On or Near the Ear(cont.) Tophi Basal Cell Carcinoma

  15. Lumps On or Near the Ear(cont.) Cutaneous Cyst Rheumatoid Nodules

  16. Eardrum Normal Right Eardrum Perforation

  17. Eardrum(cont.) Tympanosclerosis Serous Effusion

  18. Eardrum(cont.) Acute Otitis Media With Purulent Effusion Bullous Myringitis

  19. Hearing Loss Conductive Loss Sensorineural Loss

  20. Question • The ossicles consist of all of the following except: A. Incus B. Malleus C. Stapes D. Mastoid

  21. Answer • The ossicles consist of all of the following except: • D. Mastoid • The mastoid bone is a part of the cranium. The three ossicles are the malleus, incus, and stapes.

  22. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Nose and Paranasal Sinuses • Function • Inspiration and expiration • Filtration, warmth, and moisturization of the air exchanged • Sensation of smell • Resonance of speech

  23. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Outer Structures

  24. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Nose and Paranasal Sinuses(cont.) Medial wall of left nasal cavity (mucosa removed)

  25. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Nose and Paranasal Sinuses(cont.) Lateral Wall: Nasal Cavity

  26. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Nose and Paranasal Sinuses(cont.) Cross Section of Nasal Cavity, Anterior View

  27. Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Paranasal Sinuses(cont.)

  28. The Health HistoryThe Nose and Paranasal Sinuses(cont.) • Rhinorrhea • Type of discharge • Congestion • Medications, infections • Epistaxis • May indicate bleeding disorder • Change in sense of smell

  29. The Health HistoryThe Nose and Paranasal Sinuses(cont.) • Past history • Sinus infections • Upper respiratory infections • Allergies • Trauma or injury • Nasal or sinus surgery • Polyps • Dental history

  30. The Health HistoryThe Nose and Paranasal Sinuses(cont.) • Family history • Allergies • Asthma • Lifestyle habits • Air quality • Pets • Alcohol, tobacco, recreational drugs

  31. Anatomy and PhysiologyMouth and Pharynx

  32. Anatomy and PhysiologyMouth and Pharynx(cont.)

  33. Anatomy and PhysiologyMouth and Pharynx(cont.) A Tooth The Upper Teeth

  34. Anatomy and PhysiologyMouth and Pharynx(cont.)

  35. Anatomy and PhysiologyMouth and Pharynx(cont.)

  36. The Health HistoryThe Mouth and Pharynx • Common or concerning symptoms • Sore throat • Upper respiratory infection • Hoarseness • Smoking, allergies, voice abuse, hypothyroidism, tuberculosis, tumors • Lesions • Aphthous ulcers, nutritional deficiency

  37. The Health HistoryThe Mouth and Pharynx(cont.) • Common or concerning symptoms (cont.) • Sore tongue • Nutritional deficiency • Bleeding gums • Gingivitis • Toothache • Dysphagia • Any particular foods

  38. The Health HistoryThe Mouth and Pharynx(cont.) • Past history • Sore throat • Loss of voice • Dental, mouth, or throat surgery • Trauma or injury • History of infections • Oral cancer • Sexually transmitted infection (STI)

  39. The Health HistoryThe Mouth and Pharynx(cont.) • Family history • Allergies • Smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke • Stroke • Tuberculosis

  40. The Health HistoryThe Mouth and Pharynx(cont.) • Lifestyle habits • Brush and/or floss teeth? • Use tobacco products? • Smoke recreational drugs? • Drink alcohol? • Past and present occupations? • Use of dental dams?

  41. Abnormalities of the Lips Angular Cheilitis Actinic Cheilitis

  42. Abnormalities of the Lips(cont.) Herpes Simplex Angioedema

  43. Abnormalities of the Lips(cont.) Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome

  44. Abnormalities of the Lips(cont.) Chancre of Syphilis Carcinoma of the Lip

  45. Question • Patients should be encouraged to maintain good dental hygiene, that would include which of the following? (Choose all that apply.) A. Daily brushing B. Flossing C. Routine dental visits D. Good nutrition

  46. Answer • Patients should be encouraged to maintain good dental hygiene, that would include which of the following? (Choose all that apply.) • A. Daily brushing • B. Flossing • C. Routine dental visits • D. Good nutrition • All of these steps will help maintain good dental hygiene and should be encouraged.

  47. Physical ExaminationThe Ear • Equipment • Tuning fork • Otoscope • Speculum • Tongue blade • Gloves • Penlight

  48. Physical ExaminationThe Ear (cont.) • Pinna (Auricle) • Inspect tissues for deformities, lumps, or skin lesions. • Pain, discharge, inflammation • Movement painful in otitis externa • Tenderness behind ear may be present with otitis media

  49. Physical ExaminationThe Ear (cont.) Ear Canal and Drum

  50. Physical ExaminationThe Ear (cont.) Ear Canal and Drum (cont.)

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