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Learn about the National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO) in Ghana and how it manages various hazards and disasters, from natural to man-made, through coordination and community capacity building. Discover the importance of maps in disaster risk management and how they play a crucial role in identifying safe areas, assessing hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacities. NADMO - where prevention pays! Thank you!
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INTRODUCTION: In the 1980’s, it was observed that the number of disasters and their impacts were increasing worldwide. This situation alarmed the United Nation Organisation which held various conferences on the issue, leading to the UN declaration GAD 44/236 of 1989 declaring the 1990’s as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR).
This was followed by the conference on Natural Disaster Reduction held in Yokohama, Japan in May 1994. The conference established the International Strategy For Disaster Reduction (ISDR) to replace the defunct IDNDR. The Yokohama strategy for a “safe world” and its plan of action mandated each country to establish a permanent disaster management organization.
BACKGROUND:National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO) was established by Act 517 of 1996 to manage disasters and similar emergencies in the country. It was structured and placed under the Ministry of the Interior, to enable it coordinate all the relevant civil authorities at the national, regional and district levels.
NADMO functions under a National Secretariat, ten (10) regional secretariats one hundred and thirty-eight (138) metropolitan, municipal and district secretariats and nine hundred (900) zonal offices throughout the country.
MANDATE:NADMO exists to manage disasters by coordinating the resources of government institutions and non-governmental agencies and developing the capacity of communities to respond effectively to disasters and improve their livelihood through social mobilization, employment generation and poverty reduction projects.
TYPES OF HAZARDS/DISASTERS:1. Hydro-meteorological: Floods, Windstorm/Rainstorm, Drought and Tidal Waves.
2. Pest/Insect infestation: Armyworm, Anthrax, Blackfly, Locust, Larger Grain Borer etc.
3. Geological: Earthquake, Tsunamis, Mudslides Landslides etc.
4. Fires and lightning: Bush/wildfires and Domestic and Industrial fires and lightning.
5. Disease epidemics: Cholera, Yellow Fever, Cerebrospinal Meningitis (CSM).
6. Man-made: Social conflicts, Collapse of buildings, Mines, Aviation, Marine and Railway disasters, Dam burst and Oil spillage, etc.
EFFECTS OF FLOODS:- Loss of life- Injury- Damage to and destruction of property- Damage to and destruction of subsistence and cash crops- Disruption of production
- Disruption of life style/rhythm of life- Damage to infrastructure- Disruption of government system- Economic loss- Sociological and psychological after effects
HOW RELEVANT ARE MAPS IN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT:1. In identifying safe havens2. In doing hazard assessment - Causes: Is it related to the topography? - Location
3. In doing vulnerability assessment - Why are people vulnerable?Is it in relation to their location, land use etc
4. In doing capacity assessment - What assets do they have highlands, lowlands, etc5. In structural mitigation – structural measures being applied for disaster mitigation, example; road and transportation development, Hydro-electric projects, bridges, etc
