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Advances In Millimeter Wave Measurements

Advances In Millimeter Wave Measurements. Banded Differential and Pulse Measurements. Enabling Hardware Configurations Measurement Capability and Features Example of Four Port Device Measurements Pulsed Millimeter Wave Measurements. Agenda. Enabling Hardware. Direct IF access

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Advances In Millimeter Wave Measurements

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  1. Advances In Millimeter Wave Measurements Banded Differential and Pulse Measurements

  2. Enabling Hardware Configurations Measurement Capability and Features Example of Four Port Device Measurements Pulsed Millimeter Wave Measurements Agenda

  3. Enabling Hardware Direct IF access Dual spectrally pure sources, low phase noise Frequency offset measurements Built-in mm-wave module configuration Integrated pulse measurement Differential measurement capability Multiport calibration capability PNA-X (N5242A) Integrated RF and LO distribution High current DC power distribution Accurate control of RF power to modules Flexibility to attach 2 or 4 banded modules MM-Wave Controllers (N5261A / 2A) 50 GHz to 0.5 THz Optimized for PNA / PNA-X Provides T/R and or T only modules Close proximity to on-wafer DUT OML MM-Wave Modules

  4. N5261A / 2A Block Diagram • Rear panel jumper for direct connection of RF to test set • DC power supply for up to 4 mm-wave modules up to 0.5 THz • 5 channel IF multiplexing • ALC enable/disable for RF to module • LO distribution for up to 4 modules • Easily re-configured for 2 port support • Allows for the use of a single and dual Source PNA-X

  5. Enabling Hardware Configurations Measurement Capability and Features Example of Four Port Device Measurements Pulsed Millimeter Wave Measurements Agenda

  6. Standard S-Parameter Measurements S11……S44 Mixed Mode Measurements Differential P1 and P3 Sdd11, Sds21, Scs21, Full 2-Port pulse on Port 1 and 2 Support up to 0.5 THz mm-wave modules (without external power Supplies) Measurement Capabilities

  7. New millimeter module configuration interface, requires new firmware update. Test set ALC control On/Off Front or rear panel interconnect of RF to the mm-wave test set Presetting system maintains all RF and test set ALC settings by the user. Uses the multiport calibration for 4-port. When used on a 2-port PNA-X requires option 551 Feature Set

  8. Multiple configurations including a standard PNA configuration Selection of supported mm-wave test sets Front and rear panel RF configuration for PNA-X ALC enable/disable for power control to module and pulse measurements Frequency setting for mm-wave modules including multiplier and port frequency Selection of PNA-X or external RF and LO sources Millimeter Module Configuration

  9. Enabling Hardware Configurations Measurement Capability and Features Example of Four Port Device Measurements Pulsed Millimeter Wave Measurements Agenda

  10. Example of a Four Port Device Port 1 Port 4 Port 3 Port 2 Magic Tee

  11. Sum and difference ports are isolated Signals from the difference port are 180º out of phase Signals from the sum port remain in phase Applications for power combiner and signal division Magic Tee Characteristics

  12. Single Ended Measurements of a Magic Tee Magnitude of port 3 and 4 with respect to the difference of port 1 Isolation between sum and difference ports Magnitude of port 3 and 4 with respect to the Sum of Port 2

  13. Single Ended Measurements of a Magic Tee Phase measurement of S32 and S42 Both measurements are in phase with each other Differential Phase Ports 3 & 4 with respect to port 1

  14. Port 1 Port 4 Port 3 Port 2 Differential Measurements Port 1 Port 4 Port 3 Port 2 Measurement Two: Sum Port SE - BAL Measurement One: Difference Port SE - BAL

  15. Difference Port SE- Balanced Port 1 Port 2+ Port 2- Sum Port Terminated

  16. Sum Port SE- Balanced Difference Port Terminated Port 2- Port 2+ Port 1

  17. Verification of Measurements • Comparison of Single Ended and Differential measurements Port 1 Port 4 Port 3

  18. Single Ended versus Balanced measurement Common Mode Differential

  19. Enabling Hardware Configurations Measurement Capability and Features Example Four Port Device Measurements Pulsed Millimeter Wave Measurements Agenda

  20. Measured S-parameters Pulse width (PW) Carrier frequency (fc) Time domain Pulse repetition period (PRP)Pulse repetition interval (PRI) Pulse repetition frequency (PRF = 1/PRI) Duty cycle = on time/(on+off time) = PW/PRI 1/PW Frequency domain fc Pulsed Signal in Time and Frequency Domain

  21. Mathematical Representation of Pulsed Signal

  22. Pulsed Frequency Domain Spectrum This is the spectrum of a pulsed signal at a pulse repetition frequency of 1.69 kHz and a pulse width of 7 us.

  23. Pulsed Frequency Domain Spectrum (Zoom) This is the same pulsed spectrum zoomed in on the fundamental frequency that is pulsed (center). Notice that the spectrum has components that are n*prf away from the fundamental. In pulse narrowband detection mode, ideally we would want a rectangular filter to filter out everything but the fundamental pulsed frequency.

  24. Wideband/synchronous acquisition Majority of pulse energy is contained within receiver bandwidth Incoming pulses and analyzer sampling are synchronous(requires a pulse trigger, either internal or external ) Pulse is “on” for duration of data acquisition No loss in dynamic range for small duty cycles (long PRI's), but there is a lower limit to pulse width Pulsed S-Parameter Measurement Modes Receiver BW Pulse trigger Frequency domain Time domain

  25. Narrowband /Asynchronous Acquisition Extract central spectral component only; measurement appears CW Data acquisition is not synchronized with incoming pulses (pulse trigger not required) Sometimes called “high PRF” since normally, PRF >> IF bandwidth “Spectral nulling" technique achieves wider bandwidths and faster measurements No lower limit to pulse width, but dynamic range is function of duty cycle Pulsed S-Parameter Measurement Modes IF filter Time domain D/R degradation = 20*log[duty cycle] IF filter Frequency domain

  26. Key Pulse Features: Internal Pulse Generators (option 025) Up to 4 independent output channels that can be configured to drive internal components (modulators) or external components 60 MHz clock frequency(16.7 ns resolution) Internal Pulse Modulators Can option with either 1 (option 021) or 2 (option 022) modulators (One per source) PW < 100 ns (rise time < 5 ns) Time resolution on receiver is less than 100 ns (20 ns typical) in narrowband mode Enhanced Narrowband Detection Technique Substantial increase in measurement sensitivity and speed over current narrowband technique based on new patented pulse receiverarchitecture and algorithms Wideband mode current detection BW is 600 kHz (work is being done to increase this detection BW) Improved UI Agilent PNA-X Pulse Enhancements New New New One Box Test Solution New

  27. The New PNA-X can be configured in a number of different pulse configurations (more option information can be found in the PNA-X configuration guide): 2-Port, 1 Source, 1 Modulator Provides pulse stimulus in one direction only (option 021) Can use internal (option 025) or external pulse generators 2 or 4-Port, 2 Source, 1 or 2 Modulators Provides pulse stimulus in one (option 021) or two (option 021 and 022) directions Can use internal (option 025) or external pulse generators PNA-X Pulse Hardware Enhancements

  28. The New PNA-X has added significant enhancements in the narrowband detection mode using the narrowband IF path: Digital Filter Nulling (Patent Pending) The digital filter nulls can be placed precisely on the pulse spectral lines since their location is known when using the internal pulse generators. Crystal Filter (Invention Disclosed) There is a narrowband crystal filter (BW = 30 kHz) in the narrowband pulse IF path which is used to increase the narrowband pulse mode sensitivity. SW Gate (Patented) When using HW IF gating and internal pulse generation, we know the on and off times of the gate (signal) precisely. Since the off times of the gate contain undesirable noise and/or residual gate isolation, the algorithm can replace the off times with an ideal off state (i.e. zeros) thereby improving the receiver sensitivity. New PNA-X Pulse Detection Techniques

  29. Support’s NB and WB Pulse Configure the mm-wave system for modules connected Turn off ALC in the test set Then start either Narrow or WB Pulse application Configure the Pulse RF and Gate settings Pulsed Millimeter Wave Measurements RF ALC Control

  30. PNA-X Pulse Application – Main Form The current pulse application (option H08) has been modified to include the use of the internal pulse generators and pulse modulators.

  31. PNA-X Pulse Application – Pulse Profile New PNA-X solution is substantially faster due to: • Virtually no communication overhead using internal pulse generators • Increased measurement sensitivity allows use of wider IF BW’s 77 GHz CW Pulse Profile

  32. Automotive Radar Application Measurements Autonomous Cruise Control Transceiver Module • Complete S-Parameter Measurements of 76 GHz PIN Switch • Isolation between TX and RX channels Pulsed Millimeter Wave System Measurements

  33. N5262A (4-Port Test Set) Option 501 - Set of 4 RF, LO, IF and DC cables* 1.2 meter Option 502 - Set of 4 RF, LO, IF and DC cables 2 meter Option 503 - Set of 4 RF, LO, IF and DC cables 3 meter Option 504 - Set of 4 RF, LO, IF and DC cables** 5 meter Option 102 - Test interconnect for 2-Port PNA-X Option 104 - Test Interconnect for 4-Port PNA-X *Default for RF, LO and DC cables ** Not recommended for use with 325 or 500 GHz Modules (Loss) N5261A (2-Port Test Set) Comes with standard 48 inch RF, LO, IF and DC cables Option 102 – Test interconnect for 2-Port PNA-X Option 104 – Test Set interconnect for 4-Port PNA-X Test Set Ordering Configuration

  34. Enabling Hardware Configurations Measurement Capability and Features Example Four Port Device Measurements Pulsed Millimeter Wave Measurements Agenda

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