FRBR : Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

1. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask Presented by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Policy & Standards Division Library of Congress March 4, 2009

2. FRBR • What is FRBR? • Why do we need it? • Where and how can we use it?

3. What is FRBR? • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • IFLA publication 1998 • FRBR Review Group

4. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • Entity-relationship model • Entities: Group 1, 2, 3 • Relationships • Attributes • User tasks • Find • Identify • Select • Obtain • National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

5. Bibliographic Universe • Books • Serials • Maps, globes, etc. • Manuscripts. • Musical scores • A-V • sound recordings • motion pictures • photographs, slides • Multimedia • “Remote” digital materials • Etc.

6. What’s a conceptual model? • Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described • The things in that universe (entities) • Identifying characteristics of those entities (attributes) • The relationships among the entities

7. FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes (data elements) relationship One Entity Another Entity

8. FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Person Work created was created by Shakespeare Hamlet

9. FRBR Entities Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item

10. Work is realized through Expression Intellectual/ artistic content Physical - recording of content is embodied in Manifestation is exemplified by Item

11. Vocabulary “Book” • Door prop (item) • “publication” • at bookstore • any copy • (manifestation)

12. Vocabulary “Book” • Who translated? • (expression) • Who wrote? • (work)

13. Group 1 Work is realized through Expression is embodied in Manifestation recursive is exemplified by one Item many

14. Work ID Title Date etc. Expression ID Form Date Language etc. Manifestation ID Title Statement of responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher, date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc. Item ID Provenance Location etc. Elements to Describe Resources

15. Examples • Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? • Digitized version of the Oxford University Press text published in 2008? • French translation? • London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? • Hamlet? Item Manifestation Expression Expression Work

16. Family of Works Equivalent Descriptive Derivative Free Translation Review Edition Casebook Microform Reproduction Summary Abstract Dramatization Simultaneous “Publication” Abridged Edition Criticism Digest Novelization Screenplay Copy Libretto Evaluation Illustrated Edition Revision Change of Genre Exact Reproduction Parody Annotated Edition Translation Expurgated Edition Imitation Same Style or Thematic Content Variations or Versions Facsimile Arrangement Commentary Slight Modification Reprint Adaptation Original Work -Same Expression Same Work – New Expression New Work Cataloging Rules Cut-Off Point

17. Relationships Work Expression • Inherent among the Group 1 entities • Content relationships among works/expressions Manifestation Item Whole-Part Sequential Derivative Accompanying

18. FRBR Entities Group 1:Bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item

19. FRBR Entities Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties Person Corporate body Family

20. Group 2 Person Family Corporate Body Work Expression Manifestation Item is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by many

21. Relationship vs. Element Created by Work Person Creates Hamlet Shakespeare

22. Subject Relationship Created by Work Person Creates has subject is subject of Concept/Topic

23. FRBR Entities Group 3:Subjects of works Groups1&2plus Concept Object Event Place Subject relationship

24. Group 3 Work Work Expression has as subject Manifestation Item Person Family has as subject Corporate Body Concept Object has as subject Event Place many

25. Why do we need FRBR? • Improve the user experience in locating information • Guide systems designs for the future • Guide rule makers • Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries • Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond

26. Applications of the Conceptual Model FRBR is conceptual model No application is prescribed Opportunities for the future in new systems designs Natl. Lib. Australia Variations3, etc. Keep user foremost in mind

27. Collocation Better organization to catalog More options to display Identifying elements Pathways FRBR Benefits ☑ Simplify cataloging enabling links and re-use of identifying elements

28. Collocation Shakespeare Hamlet Romeo and Juliet English French German Swedish Stockholm 2008 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding • Objectives of a catalog: display • All the works associated with aperson, etc. • All the expressions of the same work • All the manifestations of the same expression • All items/copies of the same manifestation

29. Pathways to Related Works Shakespeare Stoppard Hamlet Derivative works Romeo and Juliet Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead English French Text Movies … German Subject Swedish Stockholm 2008 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding

30. Collocation by Works • Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. • All’s well that ends well • As you like it • Hamlet • Macbeth • Midsummer night’s dream • …

31. Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions • Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.Hamlet. • Texts • Motion Pictures • Sound Recordings

32. Collocation by Expressions • Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.Hamlet. • Texts – Danish • Texts – Dutch • Texts – English • Texts – French • Texts – Spanish • Motion Pictures – English • Sound Recordings - English

33. Collocation of Manifestations • Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.Hamlet. • Motion pictures – English • 1964 Director, Bill Collegan • 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning • 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli • 1992 Director, Maria Muat • 1996Director, Kenneth Branagh • 2000Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson

34. FRBR Display - Serial • Atlantic monthly • Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993) • Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981) • Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971) • Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932) • Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

35. FRBR Display - Serial • Atlantic monthly • Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993) • Online • Paper • Microfilm • Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981) • Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971) • Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932) • Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

36. Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level (VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this) FRBR Benefits Hamlet English

37. British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o

38. British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog) Person Work Expression Manifestation Item ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas.Burgos, 1578. 4o Another copy. The same.Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres.Venetia, 1592. 4o

39. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms

40. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Work Person

41. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. Expression LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms

42. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. Manifestation LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms

43. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Item

44. Internet • Catalogs are no longer in isolation • Global access to data • Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment • Share data beyond institutions

45. Internet “Cloud” Services Databases, Repositories Web front end 45

46. Database/format Scenarios Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide FRBR registry Future record RDA element registry FRBR record Bib record (flat-file) Bib record (description) Work information Name authority record Author: Lee, T. B. Title: Cataloguing has a future Name: Work title: Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Content type: Spoken word Expression information Carrier type: Audio disc Subject authority record Subject: Metadata Manifestation information Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Identifier: … ONIX RDA content type registry Item information Label: Spoken word Identifier: … RDA carrier type registry

47. Linked Data Work information Name authority record Author: Subject: Name: Lee, T. B. Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Expression information Subject authority record Content type: Manifestation information Metadata Label: Title: Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Carrier type: RDA content type registry Item information Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Identifier: … Audio disc

48. Package for Data Sharing Future record Work information Name authority record Author: Subject: Name: Lee, T. B. Lee, T. B. Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Expression information Content type: Subject authority record Manifestation information Metadata Metadata Label: Title: Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Carrier type: RDA content type registry Item information Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Spoken word Spoken word Identifier: … RDA carrier type registry Audio disc Audio disc

49. Work information Expression information Manifestation information Item information Package for Data Sharing Communication format record Author: Lee, T. B. Subject: Metadata Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future Content type: Spoken word Title: Cataloguing has a future Carrier type: Audio disc Provenance: Donated by the author

50. Package for Displays Future display ( ) Author: Lee, T. B. Content type: Spoken word Title: Cataloguing has a future Carrier type: Audio disc