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High-tier

Satellite. Regional Area. Low-tier. High-tier. Local Area. Wide Area. Low Mobility. High Mobility. The Bay Area Research Wireless Access Network (BARWAN). New Ideas • Wireless Overlay Internetworking – “Overlay” IP extensions to Mobile IP

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High-tier

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  1. Satellite Regional Area Low-tier High-tier Local Area Wide Area Low Mobility High Mobility The Bay Area Research Wireless Access Network (BARWAN) New Ideas • Wireless Overlay Internetworking – “Overlay” IP extensions to Mobile IP –  Low Latency Inter-subnet Handoffs – High Thruput Reliable Transport – Class-Based Queuing Link Management – Subnet Bandwidth Load Balancing • Client-Proxy-Server Architecture – Bandwidth-aware Data Type Adaptation –  Web & A/V Data Types over Wireless – Proxy-Aware API, Kerberos Integration – Delivery Class Abstraction – Scalable Wireline Processing for Mobiles R. H. Katz & E. A. Brewer, UC Berkeley Subcontractor: Hughes Research Labs Impact • Fundamental technology for 21st century battlefield communications: support for wide diversity of hybrid & asymmetric link technologies, and end device display & computation capabilities • Seamless roaming & application adaptation across 3–4 orders of magnitude of wireless b/w and latency (10 kbps to 10 mbps, 1 ms to 1 s) • Demonstrate network & application techniques able to scale to support 10s of data users/room, 100s/building, 1000s/facility, 10000s/metro, and 100000s/region Schedule Measure & Eval Wireless Ovrly Technologies Demo in-building ovrlys & h/os with dynamic b/w alloc Demo wide-area ovrlys & low latency h/os w/ subnet load balancing Aug 95 Start Aug 96 Aug 97 Aug 98 End Early Prototype Proxies (1-10 users) Proto Scaled Proxies (100-1000 Users) Scaled Proxies (1000-10000 Users) Large Scale Scalability Demonstrations Initial Architectural Specification Scaled Architectural Specification

  2. The Bay Area Research Wireless Access Network:Towards a Wireless Overlay Internetworking Architecture Satellite Regional Area Low-tier High-tier Randy H. Katz and Eric A. Brewer Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 Subcontractor: Hughes Malibu Research Laboratories Local Area Wide Area Low Mobility High Mobility

  3. Presentation Outline • Retreat Purpose and Agenda • Project Objectives, Motivation, and Approach • Project and Testbed Status • Technology Developments • Review Project Plan • New Directions • Summary and Conclusions

  4. Presentation Outline • Retreat Purpose and Agenda • Project Objectives, Motivation, and Approach • Project and Testbed Status • Technology Developments • Review Project Plan • New Directions

  5. UC Berkeley Project Team Hughes Researchers Industrial Collaborators Government Sponsors Friends Retreat Goals &Technology Transfer People Project Status Work in Progress Prototype Technology Early Access to Technology Promising Directions Reality Check Feedback

  6. BARWAN/Hughes Team • Applications • Elan Amir (Media Gateway/MASH) • Yatin Chawathe (Proxy Architecture/MASH) • Armando Fox (Proxy Architecture) • Steve Gribble (Scalable Servers) • Technical Support • Brian Shiratsuki (System Admin) • Keith Sklower (Sys Programming) • Admin Support • Terry Lessard Smith • Bob Miller • Networking • Hari Balakrishnan (Reliable Transport) • Tom Henderson (Satellite-based Transport & Routing Protocols) • Todd Hodes (Mobile Location Services) • Giao Nguyen (Channel Scaling) • Venkat Padmanabhan (Sessions-Transport Interface) • Mark Stemm (Performance Discovery) • Helen Wang (Vertical Handoff) • Hughes Malibu Research Laboratory • Son Dao • Yongguang Zhang • Dante De Lucia Tao Ye finished her MS and went to JavaSoft Daniel Jiang went to Daimler Benz Research Laboratory

  7. BARWAN Sponsors and Participants • DARPA GloMo Program • Rob Ruth, DARPA PM • US Army CECOM • NIST • SRI • Industrial Supporters • Daimler Benz • Ericsson (Reiner Ludwig, Visiting Industrial Fellow) • Fuji Xerox Palo Alto Labs • Hughes Research • IBM • Metricom • Toshiba (Masahiro Takagi, Visiting Industrial Fellow) • Friends • Hybrid Networks, Packeteer, Sandia, Stanford

  8. Retreat Schedule • Wednesday, January 14: 1200 - 1300 Lunch 1300 - 1400 Project Overview and Status, Randy Katz 1400 - 1500 What We Learned About Extensible Proxies, Armando Fox 1500 - 1530 Break 1530 - 1800 Research Highlights • Passive Network Performance Discovery - Mark Stemm • Transport over Satellites - Tom Henderson • Multicast over DBS - Yongguang Zhang • OS Support for Scalable Network Services - Steve Gribble • Mobility Enhanced Network Services - Todd Hodes 1800 - 1930 Dinner 1930 - 2100 Poster Session and Demos 2100 - Distributed Interactive Collaboration (aka Riven)

  9. Retreat Schedule • Thursday, January 15: 0730 - 0830 Breakfast 0830 - 1000 New Directions, Anthony Joseph • ProActive Infrastructure, Eric Brewer • Beyond Third Generation, Randy Katz 1000 - 1030 Break 1030 - 1200 New Directions, Continued • Brainstorming with sponsors on new directions 1200 - 1300 Lunch 1300 - 1630 Ski Break 1800 - 1930 Dinner 1930 - 2100 Invited Talks • Transport over Cellular, Reiner Ludwig, Ericsson • Rover Toolkit, Anthony Joseph, UC Berkeley • Hybrid Network’s Technology, Subir Varma 2100 - Distributed Problem Solving (aka Riven)

  10. Retreat Schedule • Friday, January 16: 0730 - 0830 Breakfast 0830 - 1000 Six Month Planning Session, Eric Brewer 1000 - 1030 Break & Check-out 1030 - 1200 Sponsor Feedback Session, Randy Katz 1200 - 1300 Lunch 1300 - Depart Granlibakkan

  11. Presentation Outline • Retreat Purpose and Agenda • Project Objectives, Motivation, and Approach • Project and Testbed Status • Technology Developments • Review Project Plan • New Directions • Summary and Conclusions

  12. Access Anytime, Anywhere Wide-Area Coverage Scalable Processing Highly Available Operation Easily Transparent Access Localized Service Securely Global Authentication Any Medium Multimedia: Audio/Video/Graphics Timely Performance Cost Effective Heterogeneous Support via Proxies Three Overarching Strategies: Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Network Optimization Dynamic Adaptation Heterogeneous Mobile Computing “People and their machines should be able to access information and communicate with each other easily and securely, in any medium or combination of media -- voice, data, image, video, or multimedia -- anytime, anywhere, in a timely,cost-effective way.” G. Heilmeier, 1992

  13. Wireless Overlay Networks Theatre of Operations Rear Echelons Bases, Depots, Ranges Command Centers Training Centers

  14. Asymmetric & Heterogeneous Access High Bandwidth – Command Post – Disaster Relief – Remote Clinic – Organization w/poor Internet connectivity Local Subnet Low Bandwidth

  15. Battlefield XXI Century Battlefield Architecture Rear Area ATM Backbone Packet Radio Network Radio Access Point

  16. BARWAN Testbed DirecPC DBS (1 mbps) Vertical Hand-Off LOS Wireless Cable (6 mbps) DARTNet II CAIRN Metricom Cellular Modem Cellular Packet Data Packet Radio 10-30 kbps

  17. Well Connected Poorly Connected Proxy Client-PROXY-Server Architecture • Proxy • Mediates between wireless and wireline environment • Ideally executes at “well-connected” boundary of internetwork • Manages caches and chooses transport data representations on-the-fly • Trade transcoding time against communications time

  18. Overlay Network Challenge Latency as critical as bandwidth in wireless networks Wide diversity of network performance parameters Competing infrastructure providers Pedestrian vs. vehicular mobility

  19. Application Support Challenge Client variation spans an order of magnitude

  20. Cross-Cutting Architectural Issues • Dynamic resource allocation and adaptation • Proxies: adapt representations for available bandwidth and latency • Vertical handoff-based event notification • Proxy transcoder load balancing & refinement caching • Performance discovery • Network: meeting performance “promises” for classes of users and types of data • Choosing “best” available overlay for connectivity • Scheduling bandwidth-constrained (wireless) links • Exploit channel state for higher channel utilization • Leverage existing Internet standards • Mobile IP, TCP, Service location protocols, HTTP, POP, IMAP, etc. • But allow architecture-aware applications to obtain enhanced functionality

  21. Daedalus/GloMop Architecture

  22. Overlay IP (Mobile IP + Overlays) IP Mobile IP Beacons Wireless LAN Packet Radio Wire- Less Cable DBS Sub- Net Cellular Data Sub- Net ATM Net Connection Monitoring; Net-Appl Interface; ELN; Daedalus/GloMop Architectural Components Mobile Applications Proxy Agents Location-Dependent Services Transport (Asymmetric, Heterogeneous, Lossy Links) “Sessions” Snoop Agent Link Scheduling

  23. Presentation Outline • Retreat Purpose and Agenda • Project Objectives, Motivation, and Approach • Project and Testbed Status • Technology Developments • Review Project Plan • New Directions

  24. Project Strategy Architectural Design Scaled Implementations Early Prototypes Proof of Concepts Measurements & Evaluation

  25. Scalabil Early Proof of Concept Implementations Functionality Establishment of BARWAN Testbed Project Plan and Status 67% Project Start: 15 Aug 95 (Start + 29 Months) Scalability 95% Demonstrate Ability to Scale to Large Communities of Mobile Users Functionality 100% Demonstrate Seamless Roaming over Local and Wide Area Early Proof of Concept Implementations NOWs Local & Wide-Area Wireless Overlays Enhanced E2E Performance Establishment of BARWAN Testbed Measure Alternative Overlay Network Performance Extend with Emerging Technologies 100%

  26. Achievements—January 1998 • Proxy Development • Wingman Pilot Graphical Web Browser • Demonstration of extensible proxies • MASH Toolkit-TranSend Proxy Server integration • Overlay Network Development • Developed new transport protocol tuned for high latency, highly asymmetric satellite environment (STP) • Snoop V2 Beta with Explicit Loss Notification • TCP sessions with integrated congestion control and recovery • Enhanced “right edge” loss recovery scheme suitable for slow speed links and short transfer size Web traffic • Other TCP enhancements for Web traffic characteristics (“fast start”) • Research Infrastructure • VINT enhancements for wireless simulation: cable modem network, LANs, wireless links, asymmetric networks, TCP variations, routers, RTP

  27. Local Area Wireless TestbedSoda Hall, UC Berkeley • 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th floors covered by WaveLAN BSs • Low latency handoff co-resident with DHCP • Private Metricom network (1 WAP, 6 Infra Radios)

  28. Wide-Area Wireless Testbed • Non-Cooperating Wide-Area • Wireless Networks: no control • over basestations • Metricom PR Network • DirecPC DBS Service • Wireless Cable Network •  Cellular Modems •   Cellular Digital Packet Data • •  GSM General Packet Radio • Service (GSM technology finally deployed in SF Bay Area as PCS 1900 by PacBell Mobile Services in Spring 1997)

  29. BARWAN Testbed GSM Circuit Switched Cellular Metricom Wide Area WLAN RF Base IBM IR Station DirecPC Basestation Hughes DBS Basestation Soda Hall Gateway + Ethernet Gateway Internet Metricom "WAP"

  30. Presentation Outline • Retreat Purpose and Agenda • Project Objectives, Motivation, and Approach • Project and Testbed Status • Technology Developments • Review Project Plan • New Directions • Summary and Conclusions

  31. Recent Publications(since July) • Seshan, Stemm, Katz, “SPAND: Shared Passive Network Performance Discovery,” USITS '97, Monterey, CA, December 1997. • Gribble, Brewer, “System Design Issues for Internet Middleware Services: Deductions from a Large ClientTraces,” USITS’97, Monterey, California, December 1997. • Fox, Gribble, Chawathe, Polito, Huang, Ling, Brewer, “Orthogonal Extensions to the WWW User Interface Using Client-Side Technologies,” Proc. 10th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 97), October 1997, Banff, Canada. • Fox, Gribble, Chawathe, Brewer, “Cluster-Based Scalable Network Services,” Proc. 1997 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP-16), St-Malo, France, (Oct. 1997). • Balakrishnan, Padmanabhan, Seshan, Stemm, Amir, Katz, “TCP Improvements for Heterogeneous Networks: The Daedalus Approach,” Proc. 35th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Urbana, Illinois, October 1997. • Henderson , Katz. “Satellite Transport Protocol: An SSCOP-based Transport Protocol for Datagram Satellite Networks,” Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Satellite-based Information Systems, (WOSBIS `97), Budapest, Hungary, October 1997. • Hodes, Katz, Servan-Schreiber, Rowe, “Composable Ad-hoc Mobile Services for Universal Interaction,” Proceedings of 3rd ACM/IEEE MobiCom, Budapest, Hungary, September 1997. Best Student Paper Award. • Balakrishnan, Padmanabhan, Katz, “The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance,” Proceedings of 3rd ACM/IEEE MobiCom, Budapest, Hungary, September 1997. • Noble, Satyanarayanan, Nguyen, Katz, “Trace-based Mobile Network Emulation,” Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'97, Cannes, France, September 1997. • Stemm, Katz, “Measuring and Reducing Energy Consumption of Network Interfaces in Hand-Held Devices,” IEICE (Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers) Transactions on Communications, Special Issue on Mobile Computing, V. E 80-B, No. 8, (August 1997), pp. 1125-1131.

  32. Major Recent Research Activities • Application Support • Extensibility of the Proxy Service model • WingMan Browser, MASH MediaBoard/Proxy integration, many new aggregation and annotation services • Overlay Networks • Satellite Transport Protocol • Multicast over Satellite (Hughes) • TCP enhancements: support for asymmetric connections, integrated congestion control and loss recovery, short transaction transport connections, session-orientation • Application-Network Interaction • Shared Passive Network Performance Discovery • Mobility Service Architecture and Service Discovery in MASH CoLab

  33. Unwired Planet (HDML) Wingman Browser • Proxy-enabled web browser for thin clients • Page layout determined on proxy side • Full distillation, refinement support • Thin drawing layer on PDA side

  34. Satellite TransportProtocol(collaboration with Hughes) • Most of our work done in the concept of TCP, but … • Satellite links are not like WLANs • Very high latency, well protected link, high bandwidth • Strategies borrowed from ATM SSCOP • Poll/Stat handshake • Receiver explicitly requests retransmissions • Sender polls receiver for successfully received packets • Performance • Throughput about the same as TCP • Dramatically lower return link b/w demands; insensitive to variations in round trip delay • Excellent fit with DBS/asymmetric bandwidth

  35. Shared PassivePerformance Discovery(Collaboration with IBM) • Passive: piggy back performance data collection on on-going accesses, measure bandwidth, latency, packet loss, etc. • Shared: share collected information with other nearby users • Enables applications to adapt to network performance in advance • Running at IBM Watson and Berkeley

  36. Service Discovery • Adapt device functionality to services in new environment • Beacon augmentation • Adaptive user interfaces • Composed behaviors • Deployment within Soda classrooms and MASH CoLab • Light, video, slide projector, VCR, audio receiver, camera, monitor, A/V switcher control • Local DNS/NTP/SMTP servers, HTTP proxies, RTP/multicast gateways • Audited printer access • Interactive floor maps, protocols for advertising object locations • Coarse-grained user tracking Universal Interaction?

  37. Presentation Outline • Retreat Purpose and Agenda • Project Objectives, Motivation, and Approach • Project and Testbed Status • Technology Developments • Review Project Plan • New Directions • Summary and Conclusions

  38. Six Month Plan (to Dec 97) • Documentation • Finish Scaled Architecture Document (DRAFT available) • Draft comprehensive system architecture and evaluation paper • Implementation for Scalability/Extensibility • Scalable Proxy Architecture • Demonstrate ease of adding new proxy services • Extend proxy support for Pilot PDAs • Implement, Test, Evaluate Strategies for Network Scaling • Link Scheduling • New Transport Protocols implemented in PR/Wireless Cable • Network Connection Monitoring & Delivery Classes • Extend Testbed • With Ericsson’s assistance, integrate GSM wide-area connectivity • GloMo-Wide “Eye Watering Demo” • Extensive use of proxies, distribution of VHO code

  39. Original Research Plan 9/95 - 8/96 9/96 - 8/97 9/97 - 8/98

  40. DARPA GloMo Program Goals DARPA GloMo FY 96 Adaptive Mobile Internet Services Location Transparent Computing FY 97 Demo B/W Adaptive MM Node Demo Advanced Mobile Networking FY 98 Demo Multimedia Conferencing Demo Continuous Mobility Daedalus/BARWAN Program Measure/eval overlay networking tech Design overlay network architecture Design proxy architecture, API, toolkit Prototype proxies for image, video, maps Design Scalable Proxies/Proxy Trans Mgr Arch for “Remote Collaboration by Proxy” Overlay IP and Vertical Handoff Reliable transport for hetero/asym nets Demo scalable processing for proxies Demo seamless roaming over in-building, wide-area wireless overlays

  41. Revised Project Schedule Measure & Eval Wireless Ovrly Technologies Demo in-building ovrlys & h/os with dynamic b/w alloc Demo wide-area ovrlys & low latency h/os w/ scalable performance Aug 95 Start Aug 96 Aug 97 Aug 98 End Early Prototype Proxies (1-10 users) Proto Scaled Proxies (100-1000 Users) Scaled Proxies (1000-10000* Users) Large Scale Scalability Demonstrations Initial Architectural Specification Scaled Architectural Specification * on 10 UltraSparc cluster

  42. Milestones to End of Contract • 3Q97 • Final Architectural Specification (slipped to 1Q98) • Integrated wireless simulation environment based on ns • 4Q97 • Demonstration of network scaling in WLAN environment • Demonstration of network scaling in PR environment • 1Q98 • Demonstration of scalable, extensible TACC (Transformation, Aggregation, Customization, Caching) Servers • 2Q98 • Integrated demonstration of wireless networking, real-time conferencing, proxy adaptation, integrated into GloMo “Eye Watering Demo”

  43. What We Proposed to Do

  44. What We Proposed to Do • Seamless integration of overlay networks • Handoff • Low latency handoff via user tracking • Vertical handoff (power vs. latency) • Policy-based VHO • Transport • TCP over high error rate links (snoop) • Support services for mobile applications • Data type specific compression (proxy distillation) and progressive transmission • Dynamic applications partitioning across wireless links (service discovery and adaptation; wingman browser) • Integration of multimedia and web applications with wireless environment (vic/vat, browser)

  45. What We Proposed to Do • Managing mobile connections to support latency-sensitive applications • Link scheduling, class-based queuing • Real-time stream adaptation (RTP gateway) • Load balancing for scalable mobile processing • Network load balancing across overlay networks • Network servers to support processing and storage-intensive applications (NOW integration/TranSend) • Uniform architecture for applications support (TACC programming model )

  46. Bonuses Beyond the Proposal • Research Infrastructure • VINT-based simulation environment • Mobile and home IP trace collection • Asymmetric Transport • TCP enhancements for bandwidth, latency, error asymmetries in PR, wireless cable, DBS subnetworks • Satellite Transport Protocol • Active Services Architecture • RTPGateway’s evolution into MediaGateway • Service discovery and adaptation • Scalable, Composible Service Architecture • TACC model • PalmPilot WingMan Browser

  47. Technology Transfer Activities • Proxy Software • Beta TranSend binary distribution available • Distributed to UC Davis, SRI • Wingman Pilot Browser: 8000 downloadsPostman Pilot E-mail: 6000 downloads • RTP Gateway • 171 downloads in calendar 1997 • Transport Layer Software • 100 snoop V1 downloads in calendar 1997 • Ports to Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD • 222 SACK downloads • Ports to NetBSD • snoop in daily production use in Reinas wireless network@UCSC • Wireless, LAN MAC, and Transport simulation modules distributed to VINT community

  48. Presentation Outline • Retreat Purpose and Agenda • Project Objectives, Motivation, and Approach • Project and Testbed Status • Technology Developments • Review Project Plan • New Directions • Summary and Conclusions

  49. Project Synergies BARWAN Wireless Overlay Networks Scalable Proxies TranSend/TACC ProActive Infrastructure Scalable, Secure Services Computation in the Network “Smart Spaces” as an app Event-Response Programmable Access vic, vat, wb RTPGateway Service Discovery MASH Collaboration Applications Active Services MASH Toolkit

  50. ProActive Infrastructure “Smart Spaces” Active Routers: Active network routers Soft state Interchangeable Bases: Scalable, available servers Persistent state Service discovery Public-key infrastructure Databases Home Base User state E-mail User tracking Units: Client Devices Sensors & Actuators

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