Residential/Missionary Schools

1. Residential/Missionary Schools An Historical Overview

2. Origins • The origins of the residential school system predate Confederation and in part grew out of Canada's missionary experience with various religious organizations. The Federal Government began to play a role in the development and administration of this school system as early as 1874, mainly to meet its obligation, under the Indian Act, to provide an education to Aboriginal people, as well as to assist with their integration into the broader Canadian society.

3. Operation • The term "residential schools" generally refers to a variety of institutions which have existed over time, including: industrial schools, boarding schools, student residences, hostels, billets and residential schools. These schools were located in every province and territory, except New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. At any one time, there were no more than 100 such schools in operation. It is estimated that approximately 100,000 children attended these schools over the years in which they were in operation.

4. The Government operated nearly every school in partnership with various religious organizations until April 1, 1969, when the Government assumed full responsibility for the school system. Most residential schools ceased to operate by the mid-1970s, with only seven remaining open through the 1980s. The last federally run residential school in Canada closed in Saskatchewan in 1996.

5. Apology • On June 11, 2008 Prime Minister Stephen Harper stood in the House of Commons and apologized to the Residential School Survivors and to the people of Canada for the years of abuse and neglect.

6. Aftermath • Today, while it is not uncommon to hear some former students speak about their positive experiences in these institutions, their stories are overshadowed by disclosures of abuse, and criminal convictions of perpetrators.

7. Cleaning Up • The findings of various studies such as the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, which tell of the tragic legacy that the residential school system has left with many former students. They, and their communities, continue to deal with issues such as physical and sexual abuse, family violence, and drug and alcohol abuse.

8. Truth and Reconciliation • According to the Truth and Reconciliation Committee formed by the Canadian Parliament a person is entitled to compensation for their time in residential schools if they discuss what happened to them and give details of their time in the schools • Some native groups say that this victimizes the survivors all over again as they are forced to relive the experience

9. Common Experience Payments • Compensation called Common Experience Payments was made available to all residential schools students who were alive as of May 30, 2005. Former residential school students were eligible for $10,000 for the first year or part of a year they attended school, plus $3,000 for each subsequent year.

10. Learning Fund • Any money remaining from the $1.9-billion package will be given to foundations that support learning needs of aboriginal students. • As of April 15, 2010, $1.55 billion had been paid, representing 75,800 cases.

11. What the money means • Acceptance of the Common Experience Payment releases the government and churches from all further liability relating to the Indian residential school experience, except in cases of sexual abuse and serious incidents of physical abuse