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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. Group Dynamics. STUDY OF GROUPS & HOW THEY FUNCTION Specialization of Social Psychology Interdisciplinary CLASS GOALS Learn About Group Functioning Develop Skill as Member & Assessor. Importance of Groups. Are Inevitable and Ubiquitous Common, Time W/ Others

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. INTRODUCTION

  2. Group Dynamics • STUDY OF GROUPS & HOW THEY FUNCTION • Specialization of Social Psychology • Interdisciplinary • CLASS GOALS • Learn About Group Functioning • Develop Skill as Member & Assessor

  3. Importance of Groups • Are Inevitable and Ubiquitous • Common, Time W/ Others • Mobilize Powerful Forces • Identity • May Cause Good or Bad Effects • An Understanding of Groups Can Lead to Better Outcomes

  4. GROUP: • Two or more people interacting and exerting mutual influence.

  5. Degree of Groupness • Reference Group • Development of Structure (norms, roles, status, etc.) • Continued Interaction (motivation) • Initial Interaction • Anomie, Isolation

  6. Broad Theoretical Approaches • Psychoanalytic • Social Identity Theory • Social Exchange Theory • Systems Theory

  7. Broad Theoretical Approaches • Anthropology • Psychoanalytic Theory • Social Identity Theory • Social Exchange Theory • Systems Theory

  8. Psychodynamic Approaches • Freud Replacement for Family Security identification (leader becomes ego ideal) transference (parent-child bond to group leader) • Schutz FIRO • Inclusion (belongingness, interaction) • Control (power, influence, dominance) • Affection (emotional bonds, openness)

  9. FIRO: Need Compatibility • Interchange Compatibility: agreement on the level of inclusion, control, or affection (softball team, dating couple) • Originator Compatibility: people who wish to originate (express) inclusion, control, or affection must be complemented by those wishing to receive. (dominant & submissive)

  10. Social Identity Theory • Personal Identity and Social Identity • Social Identity • Roles, Group Memberships, Category Memberships, Relations • Identification,Self-Worth, In-Group vs Outgroup

  11. EXCHANGE THEORY • OUTCOME LEVEL (OL) OL = Rewards - Costs • COMPARISON LEVEL (CL) Subjective standard • COMPARISON LEVLE OF ALTERNATIVES (CLALT) CL of Next-Best Alternative

  12. EXHANGE THEORY • OL > CL Satisfied with the groupOL < CL Dissatisfied with the group • OL > CLALTRemain in the groupOL < CLALTLeave the group

  13. SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY ABOVE CL BELOW CL ABOVE CLALT SATISFIED DISSATISFIED STAYSTAY BELOW CLALT SATISFIED DISSATISFIED LEAVE LEAVE

  14. Reasons for Group Formation (Types of Rewards) • Members:(social club, friends) • Group Activities:(bridge club, bowling league, band) • Group Goals:(political gp., religious gp., historical society, military) • Reasons Outside the Group: attraction to persons (find dates) or goals (prestige, improve business) outside the group

  15. Methods of Group Formation • Deliberate Formation: to accomplish some purpose or to reach some goal (business, consumer gp, political gp, class) • Spontaneous Formation: members begin to enjoy associating together (friendship gp) • Involuntary Membership: forced to associate together (prison, housing assignments)

  16. Systems Approach Individual Factors • Input Process Output Performance Outcomes Group Process Group Factors Other Outcomes Environment Factors

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