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Wound Healing Properties of Honey. General effects of honey on wound healing. W ound contraction. Granulation tissue . E pithelialization . Inflammation. Facilitates debridgement. Deodorizes wound. 1.Regeneration. Wound Healing. 2.Repair. 3.Re-vasculalization.
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General effects of honey on wound healing Wound contraction Granulation tissue Epithelialization Inflammation Facilitates debridgement Deodorizes wound
1.Regeneration Wound Healing 2.Repair 3.Re-vasculalization 4.Re-epithelialization
Pathophysiology of Wound Healing • cytokines growth factor blood extracellular matrix
Composition of Honey Carbohydrate Protein, Enzyme, Amino acid Vitamins, Minerals, Heavy metals Aroma compounds Polyphenoliccompounds
Mechanism of Action Physical properties hygroscopicity hypertonicity lower pH Osmolarity
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 1.Proliferation of fibroblast & angiogenesis 2. VEGF form Macrophage 4.Inhibit Bacterial growth 5.DNA strand break (Bacteria) 3.Leukocyte recruitment
Non-peroxide and Antioxidants 1.Catalase 2.Gluconic acid 3.Carotenoids 4.Vitamin C and Vitamin E 5.Polyphenolic compounds
Non-peroxide and Antioxidants 1.Catalase 2H2O2 Catalase 2H2O + O2
Non-peroxide and Antioxidants 2. Gluconic acid
3.Carotenoids 4.Vitamin C & Vitamin E Non-peroxide and Antioxidants
Polyphenoliccompounds Example • Caffeic acid • Cresol • Thymol • Quercetin • Galangin • Luteolin
Polyphenoliccompounds • Antibacterial activity • Antioxidant properties • Inflammation
Lymphocyte & Phagocyte functions IL-1↑ • T-cell activation • B-cell maturation - CSF stimulation MM6 + Honey • TNF-α ↑ • - Tumor cell • T-cell & B-cell • proliferation • Cytotoxic T-cell • - Immunoglobulin • - Macrophage • & Neutrophil • - Angiogenesis • - Fibroblast • - IL-6 IL-6 ↑ - B-cell maturation - Antibody production - Keratinocyte activation
Acid Properties Protease ↓ Oxygen pH↓ Wound healing Micro-organism Fibroblast
Nitric oxide (NO) • Cellular death
Nitric oxide (NO) • Vasodilation Smooth muscle cell GTP NO NO GC Ca2+ cGMP Vasodilation
Nitric oxide (NO) • Angiogenesis NO VEGF angiogenesis • Increase vascular permeability
Nitric oxide (NO) • wound contraction NO cGMP FGFs fibroblast Strongly wound contraction collagen
Prostaglandins Arachidonic acid Honey COX Prostaglandins Inflammation • Prostaglandins inhibit antibody synthesis & • stimulated regulatory T-cell • Honey inhibit COX • Decrease Prostaglandins in plasma
Summary Catalase H2O2 Gluconic acid High osmolarity NO Polyphenolic compounds Prostaglandins Lymphocyte & Phagocyte functions Carotenoid Vitamin C & E