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Wireless & Mobile Systems

Wireless & Mobile Systems. 3G. Landline Subs. (millions). Mobile Subs. World Telecom Statistics. Crossover has happened May 2002 !. 2. 7. 5. 2. 3. 3. 3. 1. 1. 1. 6. 6. 6. 4. 4. 4. 2. 2. 2. 7. 7. 7. 5. 5. 5. 3. 1. Cellular Mobile Telephony. Frequency modulation

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Wireless & Mobile Systems

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  1. Wireless & Mobile Systems • 3G Network Architecture and Design

  2. Landline Subs (millions) Mobile Subs World Telecom Statistics Crossover has happened May 2002 ! Network Architecture and Design

  3. 2 7 5 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 7 7 7 5 5 5 3 1 Cellular Mobile Telephony • Frequency modulation • Antenna diversity • Cellular concept • Bell Labs (1957 & 1960) • Frequency reuse • typically every 7 cells • Handoff as caller moves • Sectors improve reuse • every 3 cells possible Network Architecture and Design

  4. First Generation • Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) • US trials 1978; deployed in Japan (’79) & US (’83) • 800 MHz band – two 20 MHz bands • TIA-553 • Still widely used in US and many parts of the world • Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) • Sweden, Norway, Demark & Finland • Launched 1981; now largely retired • 450 MHz; later at 900 MHz (NMT900) • Total Access Communications System (TACS) • British design; similar to AMPS; deployed 1985 • Some TACS-900 systems still in use in Europe Network Architecture and Design

  5. Second Generation – 2G • Digital systems • Leverage technology to increase capacity • Speech compression; digital signal processing • Utilize/extend “Intelligent Network” concepts • Improve fraud prevention • Add new services • There are a wide diversity of 2G systems • IS-54/ IS-136 North American TDMA; PDC (Japan) • iDEN • DECT and PHS • IS-95 CDMA (cdmaOne) • GSM Network Architecture and Design

  6. GSM • « Groupe Special Mobile », later changed to « Global System for Mobile » • joint European effort beginning in 1982 • focus on seamless roaming across Europe • Services launched 1991 • time division multiple access (8 users per 200KHz) • 900 MHz band; later extended to 1800MHz • added 1900 MHz (US PCS bands) • GSM is dominant world standard today • well defined interfaces; many competitors • network effect (Metcalfe’s law) took hold in late 1990s • tri-band GSM phone can roam the world today Network Architecture and Design

  7. Distribution of GSM Subscribers • GSM is used by 70% of subscribers worldwide • 564 M subs / 800 M subs in July 2001 • Most GSM deployments in Europe (59%) and Asia (33%) • ATT & Cingular deploying GSM in US today Source: EMC World Cellular / GSM Association Network Architecture and Design

  8. FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz Frequency 1G – Separate Frequencies Network Architecture and Design

  9. One timeslot = 0.577 ms One TDMA frame = 8 timeslots 200 KHz 200 KHz 200 KHz 200 KHz Time Frequency 2G – TDMA –Time Division Multiple Access Network Architecture and Design

  10. 2G & 3G – CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access • Spread spectrum modulation • originally developed for the military • resists jamming and many kinds of interference • coded modulation hidden from those w/o the code • All users share same (large) block of spectrum • one for one frequency reuse • soft handoffs possible • Almost all accepted 3G radio standards are based on CDMA • CDMA2000, W-CDMA and TD-SCDMA Network Architecture and Design

  11. Multi-Access Radio Techniques Courtesy of Petri Possi, UMTS World Network Architecture and Design

  12. Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard Network Architecture and Design

  13. Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard Network Architecture and Design

  14. Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard Network Architecture and Design

  15. Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard Network Architecture and Design

  16. 3G Vision • Universal global roaming • Multimedia (voice, data & video) • Increased data rates • 384 Kbps while moving • 2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations • Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient) • IP architecture • Problems • No killer application for wireless data as yet • Vendor-driven Network Architecture and Design

  17. International Standardization • ITU (International Telecommunication Union) • radio standards and spectrum • IMT-2000 • ITU’s umbrella name for 3G which stands for International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 • National and regional standards bodies are collaborating in 3G partnership projects • ARIB, TIA, TTA, TTC, CWTS. T1, ETSI - refer to reference slides at the end for names and links • 3G Partnership Projects (3GPP & 3GPP2) • focused on evolution of access and core networks Network Architecture and Design

  18. Global Satellite Suburban Urban In-Building Picocell Microcell Macrocell Basic Terminal PDA Terminal Audio/Visual Terminal IMT-2000 Vision IncludesLAN, WAN and Satellite Services Network Architecture and Design

  19. Migration To 3G Network Architecture and Design

  20. PSDN BSC BTS BSC HLR SMS-SC BSC PLMN MSC/VLR MSC/VLR BSC GMSC PSTN Tandem Tandem CO CO CO Typical 2G Architecture BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station Controller MSC Mobile Switching Center VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register Network Architecture and Design

  21. Network Planes • Like PSTN, 2G mobile networks have one plane for voice circuits and another plane for signaling • Some elements reside only in the signaling plane • HLR, VLR, SMS Center, … HLR SMS-SC Signaling Plane (SS7) MSC VLR MSC MSC Transport Plane (Voice) Network Architecture and Design

  22. Signalingover SS7 Where is the subscriber? MAP/ IS41 (over TCAP) ISUP 2 4 3 Provide Roaming 5 Routing Info 1 6 IAM IAM 514 581 ... PSTN-to-Mobile Call PLMN PLMN PSTN (Visitor) (Home) (SCP) HLR SCP (STP) VMSC GMSC MS BSS (SSP) (SSP) (STP) (SSP) VLR Network Architecture and Design

  23. NSS BSS E PSTN PSTN Abis D C A B H BSC MS MSC GMSC BTS VLR SS7 HLR AuC GSM 2G Architecture BSS Base Station System BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station Controller MS Mobile Station NSS Network Sub-System MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register AuC Authentication Server GMSC Gateway MSC GSM Global System for Mobile communication Network Architecture and Design

  24. GPRS - 2.5G for GSM • General packet radio service • first introduction of packet technology • Aggregate radio channels • support higher data rates (115 Kbps) • subject to channel availability • Share aggregate channels among multiple users • All new IP-based data infrastructure • No changes to voice network Network Architecture and Design

  25. 2.5G / 3G Adds IP DataNo changes for Voice Calls Network Architecture and Design

  26. NSS BSS E PSTN PSTN Abis Gb Gn Gc Gr Gi H C D B A BSC MS MSC GMSC BTS VLR Gs SS7 2G+ MS (voice & data) HLR AuC PSDN IP SGSN GGSN 2.5G Architectural Detail 2G MS (voice only) BSS Base Station System BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station Controller NSS Network Sub-System MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register AuC Authentication Server GMSC Gateway MSC SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node GPRS General Packet Radio Service Network Architecture and Design

  27. GSM Evolution for Data Access 2 Mbps UMTS 384 kbps 115 kbps EDGE GPRS 9.6 kbps GSM 1997 2000 2003 2003+ GSM evolution 3G Network Architecture and Design

  28. H Abis Iub Gn Gc Gr Gi B D C IuCS RNS ATM IuPS RNC Node B 3G UE (voice & data) 3G rel99 Architecture (UMTS)- 3G Radios 2G MS (voice only) CN BSS E PSTN PSTN A BSC MSC GMSC Gb BTS VLR Gs SS7 2G+ MS (voice & data) HLR AuC PSDN IP SGSN GGSN BSS Base Station System BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station Controller RNS Radio Network System RNC Radio Network Controller CN Core Network MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register AuC Authentication Server GMSC Gateway MSC SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Network Architecture and Design

  29. 2G MS (voice only) CN CS-MGW Nb BSS CS-MGW A PSTN Nc PSTN Abis Iub Gn Gc Gr Gi B H C D Mc Mc BSC MSC Server GMSC server Gb BTS VLR Gs SS7 2G+ MS (voice & data) IuCS RNS IP/ATM HLR AuC ATM IuPS PSDN RNC SGSN GGSN Node B 3G UE (voice & data) BSS Base Station System BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station Controller RNS Radio Network System RNC Radio Network Controller CN Core Network MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register AuC Authentication Server GMSC Gateway MSC SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node 3G rel4 Architecture (UMTS)- Soft Switching Network Architecture and Design

  30. Biggest Threat to Today’s 3G:Wireless LANs • Faster than 3G • 11 or 56 Mbps vs. <2 Mbps for 3G when stationary • Data experience matches the Internet • with the added convenience of mobile • same user interface (doesn’t rely on small screens) • same programs, files, applications, Websites. • Low cost, low barriers to entry. • Organizations can build own networks • Like the Internet, will grow virally. • Opportunity for entrepreneurs! • Opportunity for wireless operators? Network Architecture and Design

  31. Fourth Intermediate Report • WLAN • I. Stergiou • GPRS • A. Sgora • Deadline: 12/03/03 Network Architecture and Design

  32. Fourth Intermediate Report • Structure • Overview of examined technology • Focus on open research points • Related to open points works - State of the art behind open points • Your own interests - Ideas • Conclusions • References Network Architecture and Design

  33. Fourth Intermediate Report • Report (soft and hard copy) • Use of English language • A related presentation (about thirty minutes). Network Architecture and Design

  34. End of Eighth Lecture Network Architecture and Design

  35. Final Project Requirements • Goal • Design of a wireless campus for Karlovasi area. • Basic Elements • Around 150 wireless users • Provision of internet access in an adequate rate. • Using conventional technologies. Network Architecture and Design

  36. Final Project Requirements • Starting from • www.samos.aegean.gr/noc Network Architecture and Design

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